Chemistry Chap E Flashcards

Nano (n)

10^-9

Mega (M)

10⁶

Pico (p)

10^-12

Micro (u)

10^-6

Kilo (k)

10³

Milli (m)

10^-3

Deci (d)

10^-2

Centi (c)

10^-2

Kilogram

Measure of Mass

Second

Measure of Time

Kelvin

Measure of Temperature

Meter

Measure of Length

Volume

Measure of Space

1 cm³

= 1 mL

Force =

Newton

Energy =

Joule

Pressure =

Pascal

Precision

how close a series of measurements are to one another

Accuracy

how close a measured value is to the actual value

Celsius Equation

(F-32) / 1.8

Kelvin Equation

C + 273.15

Fahrenheit Equation

(9/5)C + 32

Error

Human or instrument problems in a measurement

Uncertainty

Estimated degree of error in a measurement, determined by precision

Sig Fig Rules (1+2)

All nonzero digits are significant

Interior zeros are significant

Sig Fig Rule 3

Leading zeros are not significant

Sig Fig Trailing Zeros

After decimal → always significant

Before decimal → always significant

Sig Fig Rule 5

Trailing zeros before an implied decimal are ambiguous (should use scientific notation)

Multiplication and Division (sig figs)

Use fewest number of sig figs

Addition and Subtraction (sig figs)

Use fewest decimal places

Exact Numbers

have no uncertainty and an unlimited number of sig figs

Density =

Mass/Volume

Energy

capacity to do work

Work

the action of a force through distance

Total energy

sum of kinetic and potential energy

Chemical Energy

Structure of molecule determines the potential energy of the molecule which determines it properties

1 calorie =

4.184 Joules

1 Calorie =

1000 cal = 4184 J

Exothermic

system loses thermal energy, negative energy change (from system to surroundings)

Endothermic

system gains thermal energy, positive energy change (to system from surroundings)

Conversion Factor

given unit x (desired unit / given unit) = desired unit

Conceptual Plan

visual outline that helps the general flow of the problem solution

4-Step Solving Procedure

Sort, strategize, solve and check

Problems with Equations

Find one of the variables in equation

1 L =

1000 mL