American histoy final review

The delegates to the Constitutional Convention provided that for the purposes of determining a state’s representation in the House of Representatives

\
* Three-fifths of the slaves would be counted

Among the causes of the War of 1812 was the

\
* Demand for protection of shipping and “Freedom of the Seas”

According to Article XIII, one of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

\
* Amendments must be agreed to by all states

\
What would be considered a significant social effect of the First Great Awakening?

\
* The colonists began to challenge the hierarchal structure of existing religious denominations

Thomas Paine’s *Common Sense* was a publication that was influential in persuading the colonists to support

\
* Colonial independence 

\
The Proclamation of 1763

\
* Attempted to prevent the colonists from moving west of the Appalachians

\
Which act included measures to shut down the port of Boston, suspend colonists’ due process rights, limit town meetings, and force the quartering of troops?

The Intolerable Acts

\
“It is proposed that humble application be made for an act of Parliament of Great Britain, by virtue of which one general government may be formed in America, including all the said colonies, within and under which government each colony may retain its present constitution, except in the particulars wherein a change may be directed by the said act, as hereafter follows.” – The Albany Plan of Union, 175 Under the Albany Plan of Union, the colonies would

\
* Unite to defend the colonies against the French

Anti-Federalists feared that the Constitution would

\
* Weaken state governments and threaten individual liberties

\
The "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution referred to the

\
* Rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation 

\
Which of the following was true of the Virginia Plan? 

It called for a state’s representation in Congress to based on population

In general, the Democratic-Republicans favored which of the following?

\
* A weak central government 

\
What concept was promoted in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions after the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed by Congress?

\
* That the states had the right to nullify federal law if found to be unconstitutional

\
What occurred and resulted from the XYZ Affair?

\
* French demands for a bribe before negotiations, Quasi-War with France

\
“That they will view this as seizing the rights of the state, and consolidating them in the hands of the general government, with a power assumed to bind the states, not merely in cases made federal, but in all cases whatsoever… that this would be to surrender the form of government we have chosen, and live under one deriving its powers from its own will, and not from our authority…” – Thomas Jefferson, 1798 The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions took which position?

The authority of the state governments included the power to nullify an act of Congress

Which of the following is a precedent that Washington **DID NOT** establish? 

 A president promoting political parties in government

\
Which of the following was created using the elastic clause and “loose interpretation” of the Constitution?

\
* The Bank of the United States

“All communities divide themselves into the few and the many.  The first are the rich and well born, the other the mass of the people…The people are turbulent and changing…Give therefore to the first class a distinct permanent share in the government.  They will check the unsteadiness of the second.” – Alexander Hamilton

\
The author of the quote above suggests that

\
* Common people cannot be trusted to run a stable government 

What was the major accomplishment of Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)?

\
* Spain began to allow the U.S. to trade on the Mississippi River 

\
Which was a result of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795?

\
\
* Native Americans had to give up the southern two thirds of Ohio (Northwest Territory) 

Generally, the greatest support for the War of 1812 came from

\
* Leaders in the West and the South 

\
Under the Articles of Confederation, each state’s power in Congress was based on

The idea that each state should have one vote

\
The most noteworthy accomplishment the Articles of Confederation was the Northwest Ordinance which

\
\
\
\
* Established a process for adding states to the nation and banning slavery there

\
Her dependent variable is how much her frog gets sleep during the time of day 

Members of Parliament represented the interests of all in the British Empire

\
The British concept of “virtual representation” was a response to the American claim of “taxation without representation”, making the claim that

\
* **Members of Parliament represented the interests of all in the British Empire**

\
Shays’ Rebellion contributed to the belief among political leaders that

\
* **The nation needed a stronger central government** 

\
“The only representatives of the people of these colonies are persons chosen therein by themselves; and that no taxes ever have been, or can be constitutionally imposed on them but by their respective legislatures.” –Statement by the Stamp Act Congress, 1765 What is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from this quote?

\
\
* **Only the colonists’ elected representatives should have the power to levy taxes**

\
Only the colonists’ elected representatives should have the power to levy taxes

\
* **The colonists began to challenge the hierarchical structure of existing religious denominations**

\
“Whereas it appears that a state of war exists between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain, and the United Netherlands, on the one part, and France on the other; and the duty and interest of the United States require, that they should with sincerity and good faith adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerent Powers…”–George Washington’s Farewell Address Which of the following correctly describes George Washington’s advice in his Farewell Address?

\
* **The United States should steer clear of permanent foreign alliances**

Alexander Hamilton believed all of the following EXCEPT

\
* **The national bank was unconstitutional** 

\
“… while the greater part of Pennsylvania itself were conforming \[accepting\] themselves to the acts of excise \[tax\]; a few counties were resolved to frustrate them. It was now perceived, that every expectation from the tenderness which had been hitherto pursued, was unavailing, and that further delay could only create an opinion of impotency \[a lack of strength or power to do anything\] or irresolution \[the lack of ability to solve any problems\] in the government. Legal process was, therefore, delivered to the Marshal, against rioters and delinquent distillers…” – George Washington’s Sixth Annual Address to Congress on November 19, 1794

\
* **The Whiskey Rebellion** 

\
What did George Washington do when confronted by the Whiskey Rebellion?

He suppressed the rebellion, showing the powers given by the new Constitution

\
During Adams’ presidency, why were Democratic-Republicans outraged by the Alien and Sedition Acts?

\
* They believed the laws violated the First Amendment

\
That the states had the right to nullify federal law if found to be unconstitutional

* **Three-fifths of the slaves would be counted** 

\
\

\
**In 1906, Upton Sinclair’s novel entitled** ***The Jungle*** **exposed dangerous workplace conditions**

\
* **In the meatpacking industry** 

\
\
He founded the Standard Oil Company in Ohio which was his first step in creating his vast oil empire. He perfected the idea of a holding company: a company that controlled other companies by holding all/at least the major

Rockefeller

According to the theory of laissez-faire, the economy functions best when the government

\
* **Does not interfere in business**

\
The purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) was to eliminate unfair business practices, but the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) was necessary to 

Close the loopholes being used by trusts and monopolies

\
A result of the publication of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring was that 

\
* **The modern environmental movement gained support**

\
What was the organization that led the fight against segregation?

NAACP

\
Which scenario describes the controversy over leadership in the Korean War?

\
* **Truman and MacArthur disagree over war with China and MacArthir was fired**

\
Which of the following did NOT characterize the early 19th century religious movement known as the Second Great Awakening?

The acceptance of slavery as ordained by God

\
Why did many Mormons migrate to the western portion of the United States?

\
* To escape religious persecution

\
Sojourner Truth was to black American slaves what Dorothea Dix was to _________.

\
* The mentally ill

\
“The Whites have had us under them for more than three centuries, murdering, and treating us like brutes. They want us for their slaves and think nothing of murdering us in order to subject us to that wretched condition – therefore, if there is an attempt made by us, kill or be killed.” – David Walker Who would have been most likely to agree with David Walker’s statement?

\
* A radical abolitionist from the North

\
Eli Whitney was responsible for which of the following inventions, one leading to the increase in U.S. cotton production in the South?

\
Cotton Gin & interchangeable parts 

“Jackson Replaces Many Government Workers with His Supporters”“Jackson Vetoed Bank Recharter Bill for Political Reasons”“Jackson Refuses to Enforce Worcester v. Georgia Decision”

\
Which conclusion about President Andrew Jackson is most consistent with the headlines above?

\
* He expanded executive power during his time in office

\
The issue of states’ rights was most enthusiastically supported by which of the following?

\
John C. Calhoun

\
With which candidate did John Quincy Adams make a “Corrupt Bargain” in 1824?

\
Henry Clay

\
By 1832, opponents of Jackson and the Democratic Party began to rally together, eventually leading to the formation of which political party?

Whig

\
The theory of nullification promotes the concept of which of the following?

\
* States rights 

\
The spread of roads and canals in America, as seen in the map, can be attributed to what?

\
* Henry Clay’s American System

\
All of the following are true of the Monroe Doctrine except

\
* It was written by James Monroe

\
South Carolina used the theory of nullification to argue which of the following?

\
* The Tariff of 1828

Regarding civil disobedience, Henry David Thoreau claimed that an individual should

\
* Peacefully refuse to obey unjust laws

\
Which of the following was an effect of the increase in cotton production in the South?

\
* The demand for slavery increased drastically

\
The concept of “True Womanhood” (see image) suggested that

\
* Women should be pious, pure, submissive, and make their home a domestic haven for their husbands

\
The Temperance Movement (see image) recognized 

\
* The destructive effects of drunkenness on family life

One of the reasons those living in Texas gave for declaring their independence from Mexico was

\
* Mexico banned slavery in 1829

\
The War Hawks that favored war with Great Britain on the basis of nationalism and expansion came from which of the following regions?

\
* The South and West

\
Polk’s campaign promise of “54 – 40 or Fight!” referred to a boundary dispute between the U.S. and

Great Britain over Oregon

\
".... the right…to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us ..." – John O’Sullivan The idea above, that the U.S. should expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada, was known as

Manifest Destiny

\
Which statement describes “The Trail of Tears”?

\
* The march of the Cherokee from their homes to Oklahoma 

\
In 1849, approximately 80,000 Americans migrated to California because

\
*  Gold had been discovered

\
After 1830, which of the following reform movements began to overshadow the others?

Abolition

\
“I have observed this in my experience of slavery,--that whenever my condition was improved, instead of increasing my contentment, it only increased my desire to be free, and set me thinking of plans to gain my freedom.” Which of the following figures quoted above was an abolitionist author, editor, public speaker who also participated in the women’s rights movement?

\
* Frederick Douglass

All of the following are true of the 2nd Great Awakening except

\
* Church membership decreased

\
The Missouri Compromise

\
* Missouri became a slave state, while Maine entered into the U.S. as a free state

\
Which of the following statements best describes the change in American foreign policy in 1823? (see image)

\
* The United States would consider any further attempt of European interference in the Western Hemisphere as hostile toward the United States

\
During the 1840s, many abolitionists opposed the annexation of new territory out west because they

\
* Feared there would be further admission of new slave states

\
What was the significant impact of Battle of New Orleans (1815)?

\
*  It boosted a sense of patriotism and nationalism 

\
Cyrus McCormick invented this tool that which allowed one person to do the harvesting work of five

\
* Mechanical reaper 

\
One example of the increasing movement towards true democracy that impacted the election of Jackson as president

\
* The elimination of property ownership as a qualification for voting in most states

\
Which of the following was an advocate for public education, teaching colleges, dictionaries, and primary “readers” to teach vocabulary?

\
* Horace Mann 

Which statement describes “The Trail of Tears”?

\
* The march of the Cherokee from their homes to Oklahoma

\
“It gives me pleasure to announce to Congress that the benevolent policy of government, steadily pursued for nearly thirty years, in relation to the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is approaching to a happy consummation. . . . The consequences of a speedy removal will be important to the United States, to individual states, and to the Indians themselves. . . . It puts to an end to all possible danger of collision between the authorities of the general and states governments on account of the Indians.  —President Andrew Jackson, Removal Act of 1830 Based on the quote, what was the reason for Jackson pushing for the Indian Removal Act?

He believed that this act would end conflicts between Native Americans and government

\
Which of the following is an example of the increasing movement towards true democracy that also impacted the election of Andrew Jackson as president?

\
* The elimination of property ownership as a qualification for voting in most states 

\
The first direct relief provided by the federal government was

\
\
* The Freedmen’s Bureau forming to assist freed slaves and poor whites

\
“I says, ‘What do you want to whip me for? I have done nothing.’ They said, “You didn’t think about this when you voted the radical ticket’… They set to work on me and hit me ten or fifteen licks pretty keen…” The author was speaking about which of the following?

Ku Klux Klan

\
Which statement is most clearly supported by these actions of President Lincoln?

Lincoln expanded the wartime power of the president and executive branch

\
Which of the following abolished slavery throughout the nation?

\
\
* The Emancipation Proclamation

\
Which of the following was known in history as “God’s Angry Man”? This critical antebellum figure tried to organize a large-scale slave revolt by seizing weapons at Harpers Ferry and Henry David Thoreau called him an “angel of light”, and “a principled individual in a sea of murky indecision”.

John Brown

\
Before the Civil War, the principle of popular sovereignty was proposed as a means of

Deciding the legalization of slavery in new states

Which of the following did the Supreme Court decide in the Dred Scott Decision?

\
* The federal government should protect slave owners and their property (enslaved persons) anywhere in the U.S.

\
Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by which of the following figures?

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Which of the following disadvantages during the Civil War is illustrated by the map above?

The South was less capable of moving supplies and men to battlefields

\
Which of the following arguments was NOT argued by President Lincoln regarding secession?

\
* Slavery would not be financially profitable for much longer, therefore the issue would resolve itself

“Compromise Enables Maine and Missouri to Enter Union”

“California Admitted to Union as Free State”

“Kansas-Nebraska Act Sets Up Popular Sovereignty”

\
Which issue reflected in these headlines did Congress attempt to solve?

\
* Increasing sectionalism caused by the debate over slavery

\
Which of the following is true about the resources of the North and South in the U.S. in 1861?

\
* The North had more naval power than the South

\
Which of the following is most associated with the group of Northern Democrats who were strongly in favor of a truce with the Confederate States of America?

Copperheads

\
Which of the following would most likely have supported the violent action of Representative Brooks attacking Senator Sumner in the image above?

\
* A Southern Democrat

\
Which of the following statements accurately describes Lincoln’s reaction to the Crittenden Compromise?

\
* He opposed it because he felt it allowed the institution of slavery to expand 

\
Republican nominee Rutherford B. Hayes became president as a result of the Compromise of 1877 in exchange for which of the following?

\
* End of military occupation in the 5 Southern districts

\
When Reconstruction began, which of the following groups of Americans living in the South tended to support the Democratic Party?

Wealthy landowners

\
Which of the following was NOT achieved during the years of Radical Republican Reconstruction?

\
* Freedmen were permanently granted land throughout the South 

\
Why did Congressional Reconstruction end in 1877?

\
* republicans and Democrats made a compromise after the 1876 election 

\
Which of the following was NOT true of sharecropping in the late 1800s?

\
*   It allowed for free blacks to move to Northern cities

During Reconstruction, which of the following accurately describes “Carpetbaggers”?

 Northerners who relocated to the South for business purposes

Which of the following was an advantage the Confederacy had in the Civil War?

More experienced generals throughout the war

In the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln

\
* Encouraged the Union to finish the mission of abolition to honor those that died