limbic system and basal nuclei

limbic system

functional grouping of tracts and nuclei along border of cerebrum and diencephalon

functions of limbic system

establishing emotional states, linking functions of cerebral cortex w/ functions of brainstem. facilitate memory storage/retrieval. affect motivation

thalamus

anterior thalamic nucelli from mamillary body to cingulate gyrus

hypothalamus

emotions, produce general alertness/excitement or lethargy/sleep via stimulation from reticular formation

limbic lobe cortical areas

cingulate gyrus, dentate gyrus, Para hippocampal gyrus

amygadloid body

interface between limbic system, sensory systems, and cerebrum; role in regulating heartrate, fight or flight response, and linking emotions and memories

hippocampus

learning, especially storage/retrieval of long term memories

basal nuclei of cerebrum

masses of gray matter w/i each cerebral hemisphere, deep to floor of lateral ventricles. subconscious control of skeletal muscle tone. help coordinate learned movement patterns. do not initiate movements

basal nuclei direct control over movement

subconscious coordination w/ no additional involvement of the cortex. stimulate motor nuclei in the brainstem

basal nuclei indirect modification of movement

automatic adjustments to produce voluntary movements directed by motor areas of the cortex. send output to cerebral cortex after synapsing in thalamus

lateral suclus

separates frontal lobe from temporal lobe

parieto-occipital sulcus

separates parietal lobe from occipital lobe

central sulcus

separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe

precentral gyrus

ridge anterior to central sulcus. contains primary motor cortex, controls voluntary movements

postcentral gyrus

posterior to central sulcus. contains primary somatosensory cortex, conscious awareness of sematosensory info

each hemisphere receives sensory info from and sends motor commands to opposite side of body

crossing over occurs in brainstem and spinal cord