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Impressment

The British practice of seizing American sailors and forcing them to serve in the British navy.

War Hawks

Young congressmen, including Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, who advocated for war against Britain, citing national pride and territorial expansion.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

An incident in June 1807 where the British attacked the U.S. naval frigate Chesapeake, killing three Americans.

The Treaty of Ghent

The agreement signed in 1814 that ended the War of 1812 and restored pre-war boundaries without addressing impressment or trade issues.

Battle of Tippecanoe

An 1811 battle where Tecumseh’s confederacy faced defeat against American forces led by William Henry Harrison.

Blockade

The British strategy of sealing ports to prevent ships from entering or leaving, significantly impacting American trade.

Judicial Review

The Supreme Court’s power to declare laws unconstitutional, established by Marbury v. Madison.

Uncle Sam

A symbol of the United States personified from Samuel Wilson, representing American values of honesty and hard work.

The Louisiana Purchase

A 1803 acquisition of territory from France that doubled the size of the United States.

The Embargo Act

A ban on exporting goods to other countries, imposed by the U.S. to pressure Britain and France.

Andrew Jackson

General who became a national hero after victories against Native Americans and the British, particularly at the Battle of New Orleans.

Tecumseh

Shawnee leader who sought to unite Native American tribes into a confederacy to resist U.S. expansion.

Federalists

Political group that opposed the War of 1812, fearing it would harm their trade relationships with Britain.

BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS

The final major battle of the War of 1812, fought in 1815, where American forces led by Andrew Jackson achieved a significant victory.

The Hartford Convention

A meeting of New England Federalists in 1814 to discuss opposition to the War of 1812, leading to accusations of treason against the Federalist Party.

Sacajawea

A Native American guide and interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition.

Midnight Judges

Judges appointed by John Adams at the end of his presidency under the Judiciary Act of 1801.

National Anthem

'The Star-Spangled Banner,' written by Francis Scott Key during the War of 1812.

The Battle of the Thames

An 1813 battle where Tecumseh fought with the British and was killed, ending the Native American threat in the west.

The Era of Good Feelings

A period marked by a lack of political strife, characterized by the dominance of the Democratic-Republican Party.

Armistice

A formal agreement to cease fighting, as established by the Treaty of Ghent.

The Rush-Bagot Agreement

An agreement between the U.S. and Britain to limit the number of warships on the Great Lakes.

The Convention of 1818

An agreement that established the 49th parallel as the northern boundary of the Louisiana Territory.