DSM-5

Vocabulary flashcards covering key diagnostic terms, definitions, and DSM-criteria drawn from the provided lecture notes.

SEPE DCANXY DSDR (sad)

DIE SAF

DEVY INAP XSIV FEAR ANXY ABT SEPE ATCH FIG

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Panic Disorder

recurrent panic attacks and persistent worry or behavioral changes related to attacks.

Specific Phobia

marked fear/anxiety about a specific object or situation that is excessive and lasts 6+ months, causing distress or impairment.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

excessive worry about multiple topics for 6+ months with 3+ manifestations (restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance).

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

fear or anxiety about social situations where one may be scrutinized, with avoidance or distress and impairment for 6+ months.

Taijin Kyofucho

fear that one’s behavior will offend or embarrass others, potentially with delusional intensity.

Panic Attack

sudden surge of intense fear with physical and cognitive symptoms, peaking within minutes.

Agoraphobia

fear of two or more of five situations (public transport, open spaces, enclosed spaces, crowds, outside home alone) due to panic-like symptoms.

Selective Mutism

failure to speak in certain social situations despite speaking in others, impairing function.

Onset and Duration (Specific Phobia)

often before age 10; phobia persists if untreated; duration typically 6+ months.

Criteria for Specific Phobia (5 criteria)

marked fear or anxiety about a specific object/situation; object/situation almost always evokes fear; phobia avoided or endured with distress; fear is out of proportion to actual danger; distress/impairment results.

Onset of Specific Phobia

usually before age 10 but may occur later.

Diagnostic Criteria for SAD (Social Phobia)

fear or anxiety about social situations where scrutiny is possible; fear of acting in a way that will be negatively evaluated; social situations provoke fear; avoided or endured with distress; disproportionate to threat; impairment.

Duration of Social Anxiety Symptoms

present for more than 6 months to meet dx.

Performance-Only Specifier (Social Anxiety)

specify if fear is related to performance situations (speaking, performing).

Panic Disorder Specifier (Panic Attacks)

panic attacks with subsequent worry about additional attacks or maladaptive changes in behavior to avoid future attacks.

Nocturnal Panic Attack

panic attack that wakes a person from sleep.

Derealization

sense that surroundings are unreal.

Depersonalization

sense of being detached from oneself.

Panic Disorder Onset Requirements

recurrent, unexpected panic attacks with persistent concern about attacks or behavioral change for at least 1 month.

Mean Age of Onset (Panic Disorder)

typical onset in early adulthood.

Substances That Can Trigger Panic Attacks

caffeine, sodium lactate, isoproterenol, yohimbine, CO2, cholecystokinin, etc.

Agoraphobia vs Panic Disorder

agoraphobia may occur with panic attacks; panic disorder involves recurrent attacks with concern about more.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (definition)

excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events/activities.

GAD Manifestations

restlessness, easy fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance.

GAD Diagnostic Threshold

3+ manifestations in adults, at least 1 in children.

Most Frequent Disorder in Suicides (note)

GAD is frequently diagnosed in suicides.

Substance/Med Induced Anxiety Disorder (predominant feature)

panic attacks or anxiety predominates due to substances.

Anti-Medication Class List (example)

anticholinergics, antihistamines, antiparkinson meds, antihypertensives, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, antidepressants.

Hormonal Meds that Can Produce Anxiety

thyroid meds, birth control, insulin.

Other Substances That Can Cause Anxiety

analgesics/anesthetics, sympathomimetics, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, lithium, toxins.

Medical Disorders Associated with Anxiety Symptoms

endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, neurological disorders.

Endocrine Causes of Anxiety (Examples)

hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, pheochromocytoma.

Cardiovascular Causes of Anxiety

CHF, PE, arrhythmias.

Metabolic Causes of Anxiety

B12 deficiency, porphyria.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

deficits in social communication/interaction and restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior; onset in early development; severity levels.

ASD Severity Specifiers

Level 1 requiring support; Level 2 substantial support; Level 3 very substantial support.

ASD Core Deficits (2 Deficits)

deficits in social communication/interaction; restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior/interests.

ASD Additional Specifiers

with/without intellectual impairment; with/without language impairment; associated with genetic/medical/environmental factor; associated with neurodevelopmental/mental/behavioral problems; with catatonia.

Theory of Mind (ASD)

difficulty understanding others' thoughts/ perspectives.

Recording Procedures in ASD

note level of support needed; note with/without intellectual impairment; note with/without language impairment.

ADHD (General Criteria)

persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity before age 12; present in 2+ settings; interferes with functioning.

Inattentive Presentation (ADHD)

6+ symptoms of inattention for 6+ months (5+ in adults/older adolescents).

Hyperactive/Impulsive Presentation (ADHD)

6+ symptoms for 6+ months (5+ in adults/older adolescents).

ADHD Combined Type

both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity criteria met.

ADHD Specifiers

combined, predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive.

Autism vs. ADHD Difference (onset)

ADHD typically begins before age 12; ASD onset is in early development.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting 6 months; 4+ symptoms.

ODD Common Comorbidity

ADHD and conduct disorder frequently co-occur.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

persistent irritability with severe outbursts before age 10; distinguishes from pediatric bipolar.

Conduct Disorder

repetitive behavior violating rights of others or major rules; 3+ symptoms in 12 months, with at least 1 in 6 months.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)

recurrent aggressive outbursts that are out of proportion and impulsive; age 6+. 2+ outbursts per week for 3 months or 3+ outbursts with destruction/assault in 12 months.

Pyromania

deliberate fire setting; pleasure/gratification from setting or after effects.

Kleptomania

recurrent urge to steal not for personal use or monetary gain; tension before stealing; relief after stealing.

Tourette’s Disorder

multiple motor tics and at least 1 vocal tic; waxes/wanes; onset before 18.

Persistent Motor/Vocal Tic Disorder

either motor or vocal tics present for 1+ year; onset before 18.

Provisional Tic Disorder

single or multiple tics present for less than 1 year; onset before 18.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

preoccupation with perceived bodily flaw causing distress; repetitive behaviors/mental acts.

Hoarding Disorder

distress at discarding items; clutter that impairs function; excessive acquisition may occur.

Trichotillomania

recurrent hair pulling causing hair loss and distress; attempts to stop.

Excoriation Disorder

skin picking resulting in lesions and distress; attempts to stop.

Eating Disorders (Overview)

Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Binge eating disorder, ARFID, Pica, Rumination disorder.

Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

restriction of intake leading to low body weight; fear of fat; body image disturbance; amenorrhea (historical). Severity by BMI.

Anorexia Subtypes

restricting type; binge-eating/purging type.

Bulimia Nervosa (BN)

recurrent binge/purge episodes; compensatory behaviors to avoid weight gain; at least weekly for 3 months.

Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

recurrent binge eating with at least 3 additional symptoms; no regular purging.

Pica

eating nonfood items for at least 1 month; inappropriate to developmental level.

Rumination Disorder

repeated regurgitation of food for at least 1 month not due to another condition.

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

feeding/eating disturbance with significant weight loss, nutritional deficiency, dependence on supplements, interference with functioning.

Enuresis

repeated urinary incontinence at least twice weekly for 3 months or distress; age at least 5.

Encopresis

repeated bowel incontinence at least monthly for 3 months; not due to medical condition.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder—Comorbidity Exclusion

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder excludes ODD as comorbid diagnosis.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder vs Bipolar

DMDD features are persistent irritability between outbursts; pediatric bipolar requires episodic mood changes.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

5+ symptoms including depressed mood or anhedonia for 2 weeks; significant distress/impairment; excludes manic/hypomanic episodes.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia/DDD in notes)

depressed mood for 2+ years with 2+ associated symptoms; no full MDD criteria for more than 2 months at a time.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

5+ symptoms in final week before menses; improvement after onset; present for at least 2 cycles.

Schizophrenia (Core Symptoms)

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized/catatonic behavior, negative symptoms; >6 months; impairment.

Schizophrenia Subtypes/Specifiers

with mood episode; without mood symptoms; with catatonia.

Schizoaffective Disorder

psychotic symptoms present with mood symptoms; however, psychosis must occur for 2 weeks without mood symptoms.

Schizophreniform Disorder

2+ psychotic symptoms lasting 1–6 months; not due to another condition.

Delusional Disorder

one or more delusions for at least 1 month; functioning not markedly impaired and no schizophrenia.

Brief Psychotic Disorder

1+ positive psychotic symptoms for at least 1 day but less than 1 month; eventual return to baseline.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

two or more distinct personality states with gaps in recall; distress or impairment; not due to substance/other condition.

Dissociative Amnesia

inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of traumatic nature; may involve dissociative fugue.

Dissociative Fugue

amnesia with travel or wandering; report of memory loss plus purposeful travel.

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization (feeling detached from self) or derealization (surroundings feel unreal) with intact reality testing.

Delirium (DSM criteria)

attention disturbance with cognitive disturbance caused by a medical condition/substance; acute onset and fluctuating course.

Major Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD)

cognitive decline in 1+ domain with interference in daily activities; gradual progression; not due to delirium.

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Hallmarks

amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss with insidious onset and gradual progression.

Frontotemporal NCD (Behavioral Variant)

early changes in behavior, disinhibition, apathy, loss of empathy; relative sparing of memory early.

Lewy Body Dementia

core features include fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, parkinsonism; REM sleep behavior disorder may be present.

Vascular NCD

cognitive decline related to cerebrovascular disease; clinical patterns vary with vascular events.

Atypical vs Typical Features in Depression

melancholic, atypical, with anxious distress, mixed features, psychotic features, peripartum onset.

OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)

presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that are time consuming or cause distress; insight varies.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

preoccupation with perceived bodily flaw causing distress; repetitive behaviors/mental acts.

Hoarding Disorder

distress at discarding items; clutter leading to impairment; excessive acquisition may be present.

Trichotillomania

recurring pulling of hair resulting in hair loss and distress; attempts to stop.

Excoriation Disorder

skin picking resulting in lesions and distress; attempts to stop.

Paraphilic Disorders (Overview)

genetic/paraphilic disorders categorized as anomalous activity preferences and anomalous target preferences; courtship disorders; algolagnic disorders.

Pedophilic Disorder

recurrent intense sexual arousal involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child; age criteria apply.