Sociology final

stratification

involves hierarchical differences not only in economic positions, status , honor, and power but it effects how monetary and monoetary resources are dustributed

social class

economic position

status

prestige attached to a persons position

power

ability to get others to do what you want them to do

income

amount of money a person earns from a job

wealth

persons financial assets and properties

absolute poverty

measure of what people need to survive

relative poverty

measure based on comparison to others

social mobility

ability or inability to change one's social position in the economic hierarchy

vertical mobility

the ability to move in higher in the social class hierarchy, and moving down the social class hierarchy

horizontal mobility

movement between the same social class

intergenerational mobility

difference between parent's position and the achieved position of their children

intragenerational mobility

movement up or down the social class hierarchy within one's lifetime

occupational mobility

changes in one's work status

structural mobility

effects of changes in society on the positions within the occupational structure

gender

social and cultural distinction consisting of the physical, behavioral, and personality characteristics of ones sex

sex

biological distinction based on chromosomes, gonads, genitalia, and hormones

race

social construction based on shared physical, biological characteristics (ie skin color)

majority

dominant position in money, prestige, and power

minority

Subordinate position in money, prestige, and power

ethnicity

socially defined , based on cultural characteristics such as language, religion, traditions, and/or practices

sexuality

includes the sexual attitudes, behaviors, sensuality values, autonomy, biochemistry, identities, and orientations we have about ourselves and other

marriage

socially acknowledged and approved and often legal union of two people, allowing them to live together and raise children

family

a group of two or more people related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together, universal social institution central to social life

monogamy

one spouse

polygamy

multiple spouses

polygyny

men have more than one wife

polyandry

wife has multiple husbands

endogamy

practice of marrying someone with similar characteristics (ie race, ethnicity)

exogamy

practice of marrying someone with different characteristics (ie race, ethnicity)

cohabitation

a couple living together w/out being legally married

single parent household

parent responsible for raising children alone

nonresident parents

parents who live apart form their children

step family

two married or cohabiting adults, one has children from previous marriage

blended family

children from previous relationships and along w/ children from current relationships

lesbian and gay family

same sex partners raising children

education

social institution dedicated to the transfer of culture from teachers to students

religion

a social institution consisting of a shared belief system and written guidelines of practice

belief (components of religion)

ideas that explain the world and identify symbolic meanings and traditions

ritual (component of religion)

regularly repeated, prescribed, and traditional behaviors symbolizing belief

experience (component of religion)

culmination of belief and ritual providing sense of understanding of the world

civil religion

beliefs, practices, and symbols held sacred by a nation

politics

social institution dedicated to the formal distribution of power through government enforcement

economy

social institution involved in the production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services