4.4 Manufacturing Techniques

Additive techniques

Manufacturing techniques that add material in order to create it.

Lamination

a method/process of bonding one layer to another under heat or pressure to be united

Photopolymers

A type of fluid plastic that cures and hardens when exposed to light or chemicals

Deposition

the process in which material is laid down (deposited) to add to the product (Ex. powder coating, composite materials)

Wasting/subtractive techniques

Manufacturing techniques that cut away material in order to create a component. (Ex. Carving wood of totem pole)

Abrading

rubbing away or filing down by friction, usually with a rough-edged tool

Shaping techniques: Moulding

shaping liquid of pliable raw material using a mould

Injection Molding

A process during which plastic is heated in a machine and forced into a cavity by a screw or ram. The material solidifies and is then ejected.

Blow moulding

process for making hollow plastic forms by blowing air into heated thermoplastic

Extrusion blow moulding

-Tube of molten plastic is extruded between two halves of a die which closes, sealing end of tube

-Air is blown into the tube to enlarge it to the shape of the die

-Waste is trimmed off and the finished shape is ejected

Injection blow moulding

This is when a material is injected onto a core pin. The pin is then rotated to a blow moulding station to be inflated and cooled

Casting

Pouring molten material into a mold and allowing it to harden

Joining techniques

permanent and temporary, fastening, adhering, fusing (adhesives, fasteners: bolts, nuts, screws, keys, studs, pins, rings, rivets, nails)

Welding + 6 types

MIG (Metal inert gas): melt a wire onto metal, good for fast welding on things like cars. TIG (Tungsten inert gas): Use a special torch to melt metal together with a separate filler rod, good for precise welding. Stick (Shielded Metal Arc Welding or SMAW): Melt a coded stick onto metal, versatile welding. Brazing: joined via melting/flowing filler metal. Spot welding, electric resistance welding via contacting metal surface point and joining by resistance to electric current. Soldering: glue that melts to connect two things.

Fusing and slumping

Fusing materials via melting similar materials at high temp and adding a small amount of a similar material. Pros/cons: cheaper and easier, but more time-consuming.