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lacZ
Gene within the lac operon that encodes Beta-galactosidase, which allows E. coli to bread the lactose disaccharide into monosaccharides to use for energy
lacY
Gene within the lac operon that encodes permease, which facilitates the transport of lactose into the bacterial cell
lacA
Gene within the lac operon that encodes transacetylase, which helps remove toxic byproducts of lactose digestion from the cell
lacI
the constitutively-expressed gene that encodes the repressor protein, which blocks transcription of the structural genes in the absence of lactose
repressor protein
Trans-acting molecule that binds to the operator region of the lac operon, inhibiting transcription until its conformation is changed by the presence of lactose
I-
lac mutation that prevents the production of repressor protein, causing transcription to occur regardless of the presence/absence of lactose
Oc
lac mutation that prevents the repressor protein from binding to the operator region, causing transcription to occur regardless of the presence/absence of lactose
Is
“super-repressor” lac mutation that prevents lactose from binding to and releasing the repressor molecule, inhibiting transcription even in the presence of lactose
CAP-cAMP complex
complex that binds to the promoter region of the lac operon and facilitates the initiation of transcription
CAP
The presence of glucose inhibits the activity of adenyl cyclase, causing a decline in ____ in the cell and ultimately inhibiting transcription
catabolite repression
Process that leads to diminished expression of the lac operon in the presence of glucose