Inorganic Ions

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12 Terms

1
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What are ions needed in large amounts called

macronutrients or main elements

2
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what are ions needed in small amounts called

micronutrients or trace elements.

3
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Role of chloride ions in biological organisms

  • Role in the regulation of water balance, blood volume, blood pressure and blood pH. Role in the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.

  • Role in the transport of carbon dioxide in plasma (chloride shift).

  • Cofactor required by some enzymes e.g. amylase.

  • Production of hydrochloric acid to lower pH in stomach.

  • Role in the inhibitory effect of some neurotransmitters.

4
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Role of hydroxide ions in biological organisms

  • Role in the regulation of blood pH.

  • Disrupts hydrogen and ionic bonds that maintain the structure of proteins.

5
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Role of nitrate ions in biological organisms

  • Role in the nitrogen cycle.

  • Source of nitrogen to synthesise amino acids, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, vitamins and chlorophyll.

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Role of hydrogen carbonate ions in biological organisms

  • Role in the regulation of blood pH.

  • Role in the transport of carbon dioxide in plasma.

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Role of phosphate ions in biological organisms

  • Component of nucleotides in ATP, RNA and DNA.

  • Needed to synthesise phospholipids for membranes.

  • Needed for healthy teeth and bones.

  • Role in the chemical activation of molecules and regulation of enzyme activity.

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Role of calcium ions in biological organisms

  • Component of insect exoskeleton, as well as bones, teeth and cartilage in mammals.

  • Secondary messenger inside cell - alters enzyme activity, triggers muscle contraction, triggers release of neurotransmitter.

  • Cofactor for certain enzymes e.g. blood clotting.

  • Important for cell wall development and formation of middle lamella between plant cells.

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Role of sodium ions in biological organisms

  • Role in the transmission of nerve impulses.

  • Role in the regulation of water balance, blood volume, blood pressure and blood pH.

  • Role in the reabsorption of water/glucose/amino acids in the kidneys.

  • Role in the turgidity of plants cells.

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Role of potassium ions in biological organisms

  • Role in the transmission of nerve impulses.

  • Role in the regulation of water balance, blood volume, blood pressure and blood pH.

  • Role in the turgidity of plant cells.

  • Role in the opening of stomata in plants.

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Role of hydrogen ions in biological organisms

  • Proton gradients are important in ATP formation in respiration and photosynthesis.

  • Role in the regulation of blood pH.

  • Disrupts hydrogen and ionic bonds that maintain the structure of proteins.

  • Role in the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood.

  • Loading of sucrose into phloem sieve tubes.

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Role of ammonium ions in biological organisms

  • Role in the nitrogen cycle.

  • Source of nitrogen to synthesise amino acids, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, vitamins and chlorophyll.

  • Involved in maintenance of pH in human body.