Med term ch 6

Functions of the urinary system:

1. To filter waste products from the body
2. To regulate levels of fluids and electrolytes
3. To carry urine through the system until it is excreted during the process of urination

...waste from the blood in the form of urine

The kidneys remove...

...urine from the kidneys to the bladder

The ureters carry...

...urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

The urethra carries...

kidney

one of two bean-shaped organs that remove waste products from the blood and help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

nephron

microscopic urine-producing unit

glomerulus

one of several capillary clusters at the entrance of each nephron that initiates the process of filtering of the blood

renal pelvis

a reservoir in each kidney that collects urine

ureter

one of two narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

urethra

tubular structure through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body

urinary bladder

muscular organ that holds the urine until it is released

urinary meatus

opening that carries urine from the urethra to the outside of the body

urine

water, waste products, and other substances secreted by the kidneys

albumin/o

albumin

cyst/o

fluid-filled sac (bladder)

glomerul/o

glomerulus

glycos/o

sugar

hem/o

blood

hydr/o

water, fluid

lith/o

stone

meat/o

meatus

nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

noct/i

night

olig/o

few, scanty

pyel/o

renal pelvis

son/o

sound

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

ur/o, urin/o

urine

-esis

condition of

-lith

stone, calculus

vesic/o

bladder, sac

azot/o

urea, nitrogen

retrograde urogram

radiographic image of the urinary tract

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

the final phase of chronic kidney disease

enuresis

involuntary discharge of urine

epispadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is on the upper surface of the penis

glycosuria

glucose in the urine

hematuria

blood in the urine

hydronephrosis

condition of fluid in the kidney; buildup of urine caused by obstruction of urine flow usually due to a stone or stricture

azotemia

urea in the blood

hypospadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is on the underside of the penis

polycystic kidney disease

condition in which many cysts occur within and upon the kidneys, resulting in the loss of functional tissue

renal calculus

stone in the kidney

renal hypertension

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

uremia

urine components in the blood

urinary retention

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder, due to inability to empty the bladder

urinary suppression

suppression of urine formation

vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureters

specific gravity

test to measure the concentration of urine to evaluate the ability of kidneys to concentrate or dilute urine

urinalysis

series of tests done to analyze a sample of urine

urodynamics

recording of the force and flow of urine

voiding cystourethrography

process of making an x-ray of the bladder and urethra during urination after instillation of a contrast dye into the bladder

catheterization

process of inserting a tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain it of urine

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

breaking up of renal calculi by focused ultrasound energy

hemodialysis

removal of waste products from the blood by pumping the blood through a machine that works as an artificial kidney

renal transplant

surgical removal of a kidney and replacement with a donor kidney

vesicourethral suspension

surgical suspension of the urethra and bladder for correction of stress urinary incontinence

diuretic

drug that increases the amount of urine secreted

nephrology

medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of kidney conditions

nephrologist

physician who specializes in nephrology

urology

medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of conditions of urinary system

urologist

physician who specializes in urology

hilum

indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave

blast/o

developing cell, germ cell

a, an

without, absence of

dys-

painful, difficult

poly-

many, much

trans-

through, across

-al, -ary

pertaining to

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-ectomy

surgical removal, excision

-emia

in the blood

-gram

record, radiographic image

-graphy

process of recording

-ia

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

-iasis

condition

-lysis

separation; destruction; loosening

-oma

tumor

osis

abnormal condition

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-ptosis

drooping

-scope

instrument for visual examination

-scopy

visual examination

-stenosis

narrowing

-stomy

surgical opening

-tomy

cut into, incision

-tripsy

surgical crushing

-uria

urination, urine

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys;

chronic kidney disease

progressive, irreversible deterioration in renal function

Episoadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

urinary tract infection (UTI)

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

fulguration

destruction of living tissue with an electric spark

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood

Creatinine

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

urine culture and sensitivity

Laboratory test of urine for bacterial infection. Attempt to grow bacteria on a culture medium in order to identify it and determine which antibiotics it is sensitive to.

distended

Enlarged or expanded from pressure

peritoneal dialysis

dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood