Cell Structures - Book and PPT based (not complete)

Intracellular organells

These are organized physical structures within the cell

lipids and proteins

Most organelles of the cell are covered by membranes that are primarily composed of what?

• Lipids

• Because lipids are not water soluble

• The _____ in the membrane provides barrier that impedes movement of water and water-soluble substances from one cell compartment to another.

• Why?

protein molecules

The ______ in the membranes often penetrate all the way through the membrane, providing specialized pathways for passage of specific substances through the membrane

plasma membrane

Cell membrane is also called as?

• Cell membrane

• 7.5 - 10 nm

• It envelops the cell and is a thin, pliable, elastic structure

• How thick is it?

• 55% protein

• 25% phospholipids

• 13% cholesterol

• 4% other lipids

• 3% carbohydrates

The cell membrane is composed of?

Cytosol

This is the jelly-like fluid portion of the cytoplasm in which the particles are dispersed (scattered)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

It is a network of tubular and flat vesicular structures in the cytoplasm, which helps process molecules made by the cell and transports them to their specific destination inside and outside the cell.

Lipid bilayer membranes

The walls of endoplasmic reticulum are constructed of _________

Endoplasmic Matrix

This is a watery medium that is different from the fluid in the cytosol outside the endoplasmic reticulum, which fills the spaces inside the tubules and vesicles

Ribosome

Granular particles attached to the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum and functions for the synthesis of proteins.

Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)

• Reticulum where ribosomes are present and functions for the synthesis of proteins in the cells

Agranular Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth)

• Reticulum where no ribosomes are attached, and functions for the synthesis of lipids substances.

• outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum

• functions for synthesis of proteins

• Where is ribosome (granular particles) attached?

• What is its function?

Golgi Apparatus

It functions in association with endoplasmic reticulum in the formation of lysosomes

• Hydrolases

• Lysosomes

• It is the enzyme that digest proteins, nucleic acid, mucopolysaccharide, lipids and glycogen?

• From what organelle is this enzyme produced from?

Intracellular Digestive System

This is provided by lysosomes which allows the cell to digest and remove unwanted substances and structures such as damaged or foreign structures like bacteria

Golgi Apparatus

Where are lysosomes formed

Smooth (Agranular) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Where are peroxisomes formed?

Oxidase

Peroxisomes contain what enzyme?

Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

When Oxidase (an enzyme contained by peroxisomes) is combined with hydrogen ions, it forms what?

Peroxisomes

In the liver, what detoxifies most alcohol a person drinks?

Mitochondria

95% of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is produced here

• two lipid bilayer-protein membrane

• outer and inner

Mitochondria is composed of ____________ membranes. Name them

Nucleus

It controls the cell

Nucleus

Where are DNAs contained?

controls the chemical reactions that occur in the cell and reproduction of the cell (or tell cells to die)

What controls (specifically) do nucleus do in the cell?

• RNA (ribonucleic acid)

• proteins found in the ribosome

What is contained in the Nucleoli?