APUSH unit 8

Joseph stalin

the leader of the Soviet union who promoted the spread of communism and totalitarian government

United Nations

was formed in place of the league of nations and promoted international security and peace, US was one of the 5 board members with veto powers

satellites (satellite states)

the soviet union was afraid of another invasion from western hemisphere so they created buffer states where they installed communism gov

winston churchill

prime minister of United kingdom and gave iron curtain speech

iron curtain

speech gave by Winston churchill that created a metaphor about the division between Europe, west- Democratic, east- communist

containment policy

US adopted this policy to prevent the spread of communism from the Soviet union

george marshall

secretary of state and created the Marshall plan to stop the spread of communsim

truman doctrine

first real policy exhibiting containment and the US aided countries who were resisting communism and helped them fight against it

Marshall plan

US sent money to western European countries to help rebuild after WW2 and they believed that countries in poverty were more likely to become communist

berlin airlift

Germany cut off land access to the major city so US used airplanes to deliver food and supplies to Germans from the air

western germany

once Soviet union reopened Germany, this became part of the allied powers (US France UK)

eastern Germany

once Soviet union reopened Germany, this became part of the Soviet union, people tried to escape

NATO

Went against what GW said and created military defense and support for all countries apart of it to stop spread of communism

warsaw pact

A military defense organization for countries who are communist (like NATO)

National security act

created many organizations and administrations to help strengthen US defense (for cold war)

douglas macarthur

led reconstruction of Japan after WW2 and helped demilitarize it and established a democratic gov

Peoples republic of China

China ulitmately fell into communism through this group and at first US didn’t recognize it but after it really happen they became fearful

38th parallel

line that divides north and south Korea

korean war

ended in a stalemate which some americans saw as good (prevetning communism) and bad (thought it was soft communism)

Brinkmanship

US policy that threatened the Soviet union to stop the spread of communism or else the US would use nuclear weapons

massive retaliation

overwhelming use of nuclear weapons

Nikita Khrushchev

new Soviet union leader after joseph Stalin

Sputnik shock

soviet union launched the first satellite into space and US was ashamed and embarrassed they could not compete so they allocated lots of money to schools math and sciences

NASA

helped with Sputnik shock and explored space

U2 incident

Soviets shot down a US spy plane and exposed and humiliated the US

fidel Castro

cuba was overthrown by this man and he sided with the Soviet union and wanted to make Cuba communist

military industrial complex

what Eisenhower referred to as the working of the gov, defense, and military and warning against it becoming too powerful

bay of pigs

an attempt by US to overthrow Castro, but failed and ended up getting more support to Castro from Soviets

berlin wall

built to keep eastern Germans from fleeing to democratic western Germany

cuban missile crisis

castro had nuclear weapons in cuba and US put a blockade around cuba and only lifted it becuase castro said he woudnt invade the US, avioding nucelar war

nuclear test ban theory

banned the testing of nuclear weapons in the air and underwater

flexible response policy

JFK idea to respond to threats with appropriate level of force instead of relying on nuclear weapons

non proliferation treaty

agreement between Soviets, US, UK and others to peacefully use nuclear energy and prevent the spread of nuclear weapons

Henry kissinger

Nixon’s secretary of state

dente

Kissinger and Nixon established this which was the idea that tensions were easing between US and Soviets during cold war

SALT 1

peaceful talks between US and Soviets about limiting nuclear weapons and was a step towards dente

Loyalty review board

republican party wanted it to review background of federal workers and thousands loses jobs (to root out communists)

smith act

made it illegal to advocate or teach the overthrow of the government

HUAC (House Un American Activities Committee)

Originally used to seek out Nazis but now was used to find communists by interviewing gov officials and citizens

Alger Hiss

was a government official who was at the Yalta conference and was accused of helping Soviets, he wasn’t convicted but it sparked fear in the people becuase they thought spies were in the gov

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

they were working on the Manhattan project and tried for espionage because people thought they had given info about the bomb, they were tried and it represented paranoia and controversy

Mccarthyism

when people accused people and gov officials of being communist without any evidence because of the widespread fear (red scare)

Harry S truman

president after FDR and appealed to average citizens

GI bill of rights (servicemen’s readjustment act)

helped WW2 veterans integrate back into civiallian life and the gov paid for their college and home loans and helped create the postwar middle class

baby boom

after WW2 when everyone was having a lot of children and there was a high birthrate

levittown

there was a need for houses, so they mass produced houses with low prices for families who needed helped owning a house

22 amendment

republicans were mad about FDR’s 4 terms in office so they ratified an amendment to limit the president to a max of 2 terms

taft Hartley act

limited the power of unions and restricted strikes

fair deal

trumans expansion of the new deal and encouraged more gov involvment, congress (republican) vetoed a lot of it because of political affiliations and the fear with the cold war

Dwight D Eisenhower

became president in 1950 appealed to middle class Americans and was trusted from WW2

modern republicanism

Eisenhower was this and its when there’s a balance between liberal and conservative ideas even if one comes from a certain political party

federal highway act

eisenhower passed this and it created highways and connected everything, gov paid for almost all of it

new frontier

JFK wanted to expand civil rights and the economy but most of it was vetoed by congress