History FlashCards

Civil War

1861 - 1865 War in the United States between the Union and the Confederacy , Confederacy was pro slavery while the Union was anti slavery

Radical Republicanism

Believed that reconstruction plans must include Black suffrage or Voting Right , wanted Confederate Officials to not vote , majority of men in Confederacy to swear Oath of Loyalty , new constitution + Opposed Johnson

Andrew Johnson

Lincoln’s VP , becomes President after assassination , Southern Democrat , only southern senator who stayed in Congress during war.

Preseidential Reconstruction

plan made by John in 1865 , states must acknowledge the end of slavery , Pardons 13000 Confederates including high ranking officials , Veto Acts that would protect freedmen

13th Amendment

Made Slavery illegal unless it is punishment for crime (loophole)

14th Amendment

All people born in US are citizens and entitled to rights

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be stopped from voting based on race / previous servitude. (DID NOT APPLY TO WOMEN OR INDIGENOUS)

Freedman’s Bureau

Congress established agency in 1865 , provide medical supples + health care , established in order to secure political freedoms and achieve stability

Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation by removing the ability for some black people to do things

Red Summer

The advancement of black citizens following WWI continued to trigger White RAGE. Series of 25 riots / mob violence throughout the country , red = bloodshed

Ku Klux Klan

Group formed by ex Confederates in 1865 targeted black voters and white republicans in the South , peak was 4 million members

Black Codes

Laws laid out what blacks were and weren’t allowed to do (passed by individual cities )

Red shirts

white supremacist organization (1875) in Mississippi targer black voters and white republicans

Sharecropping

a landowner rents land in exchange for crops grown on land , however still kept families in debt

Literacy Tests

Pass literacry test => in order to vote

Poll Tax

Pay fee in order to register to vote

Grandfather Clause

voting rights only applied if grandfather was able to vote before 1867

lynching

Public lynching usually for ex slave s

Vagrancy Laws

if you couldn’t prove you were employed you were arrested

Enhanced penalties into felony and jail time

Peonage

Death servitude , debt as labor control

Convict Leasing

Selling out prisoners to work , slavery as they worked there debt time off (however there sentences would be extended to as much as the Convict Leaser needs)

De Jure Segregation

Government enforces laws that separate groups of people based on race and ethnicity

Plessy Ferguson

Separate Car Act: Louisiana law that required Black people to sit in separate train cars

Homer Plessy: sits in a white only - train car, gets arrested and the case goes to the Supreme Court

Ruling : “Seperate but Equal” facilities were constituional

Zoning Laws/Covenants

banned black families from moving into white neighborhoods

Redlining

Banks make maps that mark where “good” neighborhoods and “bad” neighborhoods are to determine whether or not mortgages should be offered to home buyers

Great Migration

Many African Americans moved to the North , Midwest and West but still faced discrimination

Non violence

Voluntary suffering can educate and transform people , Malcolm X thought violence is the answer

Boycotts

Refusing to buy good/services to put pressure on a system to change Ex. Montgomery Alabama Bus Boycott

Sit Ins

Sitting / standing in “prohibited areas and refusing to move

Marches :

Organized by groups like the NAACP and SNCC. Demonstrations in public paces that draw attention to a cause

The Children’s March

Used children to protest in downtown Birmingham

goal was to get attention of mayor , to talk about segregation

Little Rock Nine

federal government used its power to overrule

Governor Orval Faubus in Arkansas on desegregation

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural revival of African American culture, singers, and writers commonly stayed here. Ex: Langston Hues

Brown vs Board of Education

separate but equal was unconstitutional

ends segregation in schools

De Facto Segregation

Cultural norms and practices continue policies of discrimination that separate groups

Civil Rights 1957

Federal government would punish anyone who tried to prevent someone from voting (reinforced 15th Amendment)

Civil Rights 1964

illegal to discriminate one the basis of race , color , orign , sex , or religion *ended Jim Crow Laws

Voting Rights Act 1965

Outlawed discriminatory voting practices

Affirmative Action

Goal : Create opportunities for people of color to attend school , join the workplace , etc. “Struck down by Supreme Court in June 2023”

Fair Housing Act

illegal to discriminate against people when they are renting or buying a home

SNCC

means student nonviolent coordinating committee (ask Ms. Delva)

Anne Braden

she bought a house for a African American , got her house bombed since this goes against Jim Crow Laws and Redlining

Freedom Riders

rode in segregated buses in mixed racial groups across the South as a way of protesting , people would line up around their route to protest against them + police tried to chase them down