Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Civil War
1861 - 1865 War in the United States between the Union and the Confederacy , Confederacy was pro slavery while the Union was anti slavery
Radical Republicanism
Believed that reconstruction plans must include Black suffrage or Voting Right , wanted Confederate Officials to not vote , majority of men in Confederacy to swear Oath of Loyalty , new constitution + Opposed Johnson
Andrew Johnson
Lincoln’s VP , becomes President after assassination , Southern Democrat , only southern senator who stayed in Congress during war.
Preseidential Reconstruction
plan made by John in 1865 , states must acknowledge the end of slavery , Pardons 13000 Confederates including high ranking officials , Veto Acts that would protect freedmen
13th Amendment
Made Slavery illegal unless it is punishment for crime (loophole)
14th Amendment
All people born in US are citizens and entitled to rights
15th Amendment
Citizens cannot be stopped from voting based on race / previous servitude. (DID NOT APPLY TO WOMEN OR INDIGENOUS)
Freedman’s Bureau
Congress established agency in 1865 , provide medical supples + health care , established in order to secure political freedoms and achieve stability
Jim Crow Laws
State and local laws that enforced racial segregation by removing the ability for some black people to do things
Red Summer
The advancement of black citizens following WWI continued to trigger White RAGE. Series of 25 riots / mob violence throughout the country , red = bloodshed
Ku Klux Klan
Group formed by ex Confederates in 1865 targeted black voters and white republicans in the South , peak was 4 million members
Black Codes
Laws laid out what blacks were and weren’t allowed to do (passed by individual cities )
Red shirts
white supremacist organization (1875) in Mississippi targer black voters and white republicans
Sharecropping
a landowner rents land in exchange for crops grown on land , however still kept families in debt
Literacy Tests
Pass literacry test => in order to vote
Poll Tax
Pay fee in order to register to vote
Grandfather Clause
voting rights only applied if grandfather was able to vote before 1867
lynching
Public lynching usually for ex slave s
Vagrancy Laws
if you couldn’t prove you were employed you were arrested
Enhanced penalties into felony and jail time
Peonage
Death servitude , debt as labor control
Convict Leasing
Selling out prisoners to work , slavery as they worked there debt time off (however there sentences would be extended to as much as the Convict Leaser needs)
De Jure Segregation
Government enforces laws that separate groups of people based on race and ethnicity
Plessy Ferguson
Separate Car Act: Louisiana law that required Black people to sit in separate train cars
Homer Plessy: sits in a white only - train car, gets arrested and the case goes to the Supreme Court
Ruling : “Seperate but Equal” facilities were constituional
Zoning Laws/Covenants
banned black families from moving into white neighborhoods
Redlining
Banks make maps that mark where “good” neighborhoods and “bad” neighborhoods are to determine whether or not mortgages should be offered to home buyers
Great Migration
Many African Americans moved to the North , Midwest and West but still faced discrimination
Non violence
Voluntary suffering can educate and transform people , Malcolm X thought violence is the answer
Boycotts
Refusing to buy good/services to put pressure on a system to change Ex. Montgomery Alabama Bus Boycott
Sit Ins
Sitting / standing in “prohibited areas and refusing to move
Marches :
Organized by groups like the NAACP and SNCC. Demonstrations in public paces that draw attention to a cause
The Children’s March
Used children to protest in downtown Birmingham
goal was to get attention of mayor , to talk about segregation
Little Rock Nine
federal government used its power to overrule
Governor Orval Faubus in Arkansas on desegregation
Harlem Renaissance
Cultural revival of African American culture, singers, and writers commonly stayed here. Ex: Langston Hues
Brown vs Board of Education
separate but equal was unconstitutional
ends segregation in schools
De Facto Segregation
Cultural norms and practices continue policies of discrimination that separate groups
Civil Rights 1957
Federal government would punish anyone who tried to prevent someone from voting (reinforced 15th Amendment)
Civil Rights 1964
illegal to discriminate one the basis of race , color , orign , sex , or religion *ended Jim Crow Laws
Voting Rights Act 1965
Outlawed discriminatory voting practices
Affirmative Action
Goal : Create opportunities for people of color to attend school , join the workplace , etc. “Struck down by Supreme Court in June 2023”
Fair Housing Act
illegal to discriminate against people when they are renting or buying a home
SNCC
means student nonviolent coordinating committee (ask Ms. Delva)
Anne Braden
she bought a house for a African American , got her house bombed since this goes against Jim Crow Laws and Redlining
Freedom Riders
rode in segregated buses in mixed racial groups across the South as a way of protesting , people would line up around their route to protest against them + police tried to chase them down