Test Chapters 6, 7 Review

What are the two parts of the Nervous system?

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

What are neurons?

basic building blocks of the nervous system (brain cells)

How are messages between neurons sent?

neurotransmitters

What is a synapse?

a gap between individual nerves

What are the problems associated with brain chemicals?

Low AcH = Alzheimers

Too much dopamine = schizophrenia

Low serotonin = OCD, Anxiety

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

voluntary control of skeletal muscles

What is the Autonomic Nervous System?

This regulates events that are automatic, or involuntary, such as the activity of the smooth and cardiac muscles and glands. This is often referred to as the involuntary nervous system.

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

It prepares your body for emergencies or strenuous activities (results in Anxiety & ADHD)

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

It works to conserve energy and recover

What is the Hindbrain?

controls the basic processes of life

What is the Midbrain?

It integrates sensory information (the senses)

What is the Forebrain?

Controls sensory and motor control, thinking and language, emotions, and motivations

What does it mean to be "left-brained"?

The left brain controls the movements of the right side of the body. (Speech, mathematical ability, calculation)

What does it mean to be "right-brained"?

The right brain controls the left side of your body. (Music, art, creativity, spatial ability, and perception)

What did Phineas Gage prove?

Different parts of the brain control different personalities.

What is Heredity?

The genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring; genes are the building blocks of heredity.

Why is sleep good?

It's vital to your mental health.

Definition of sleep:

Sleep is a state of altered consciousness, characterized by periods of brain activity & inactivity

Why do we sleep?

1. Some people say it's restorative (charge up batteries)

2. Sleep serves as a primitive hibernation (conserve energy)

3. Sleep clears our minds of useless information

4. Depletes cortisol (stress)

What are the Stages of Sleep?

1, 2, 3, 4, REM

What is REM sleep? AKA Stage 5

REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, increased brain activity, and elevated hormone levels. Muscle activity is blocked, and arms and legs are practically paralyzed. REM sleep can last 15-45 minutes, and sleepers get this stage every 90 minutes.

How much sleep do humans need?

It varies from person to person

What is a circadian rhythm?

sleep/wake cycle; your body clock

What does the Circadian rhythm do?

Regulates sleep, body temp, blood pressure, and heart rate. It changes daily. Each cycle is typically 24/25 hrs.

What can disrupting your circadian rhythm lead to?

Exhaustion, mood disorders, obesity, and mental health problems

What's an example of a disruption to circadian rhythm?

Jet Lag

What is hypnosis?

state of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion; you also need to trust the person who is hypotizing you

What is narcolepsy?

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

What is cataplexy?

sudden loss of muscle tone, often associated with narcolepsy

What is Insomnia?

Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep

What are the causes of Insomnia?

-Pain from injuries

-stress (financial worries, relationship difficulties)

-Caffeine

-Screen time (blue light)