UWorld Missed Question (Gen and Orgo Chem)

Which have larger radii in the same period: cations or anions?

anions

Order these from ost to least reactive:

Acid chloride

Amides

Anhydrides

Carboxylate

Esters

Acid chloride > Anhydrides > Esters > Amides > Carboxylate

What does increasing the length of a fractioning column do?"

increase speration efficiency

What is the term for this?

Imide

Describe what am imine looks like?

carbonyl but with a nitrogen instead of oxygen

keto is to enol as…

imine is to enamine

What is the term for this?

imine

How is an imine formed? List reactants and products:

reactants: ketoen and 1° amine; products: imine

How is an enamine formed? List reactants and products

Reactants: aldehyde or ketone and 2° amine; products: examine

List the general reactants and products of an aldol condensaton

Reactants: Ketone and aldehyde; Products: Water, aldol

a cyclic compound where differnt atoms are part of the ring

heterocyclic

A cyclic compound wirth the same atom making the ring

homocyclic

What can reduce an aledhyde or ketone into an alcohol?

LiALH4 and NaBH4

What does the equivlaence point of a titration represent?

where moles of acid equal moles of base

LEWIS acids and bases deal with

electrons

What can reduce an ester or carboxylic acid to an alcohol?

LiAlH4

What are PCC and Cr based reagents?

oxidizing

What does PCC do to a 1° alcohol?

turn it into an aldehyde

What does PCC do to a 2° alcohol?

turn it into a ketone

What does a Jones reagent turn a 1° alchol into?

carboxylic acid

What does a Jones reagent turn a 2° alchol into?

ketone

List all general reactants and products of a Fischer esterification.

Reactants: carboxylic acid and alcohol; Products: ester and water

What are the two ways anhydrides are formed?

two carboxylic acids via condensation or nucleophilic acyl subastituiton with an acid chloride and a carboxylic acid

If ethanol and butanoic acid react, what is the product?

ethyl butanoate

how is a nucelophilic addition to a carbonyl accomplished?

use acid and a nucleophile

can 3° alcholols be reduced?

YES

can 3° alcholols be oxidized?

NO

NaBH4 is what type of agent?

reducing

LiAlH4 is what type of agent?

reducing

What is the bond in red?

ester

What is the bond in red

ester

What is the general term for the two groups in blue

fatty acyl group

What is the group in orange called?

phosphate

What is the group in purple called?

polar body

What is this called?

toluene

What is this called?

Aniline

nonsuperimposable mirror images are called?

enantiomers

What is the suffix used for esters?

-oate

What is this called?

Anisol

What interaction is occuring here?

dipole-induced dipole

Which is stronger: a hydrogen bond or an ion-dipole?

io-dipole

What is the group in green called?

glycerol

what is a state function

a value that only depends on the initial and final states of the reaction

What is the general name for this?

acid chloride

state changes are a result of a change in the…

intermolecular forces of molecules

when using q = mc(delta T), what should you probably use for the c value for _________ if water is the solute lol

water

are change in enthalpy and change in entropy state functions?

YES

what do resolving agents do?

turn enatipmers into diasteriomers to seperate them

name all ways to seperate enantiomers

chiral column chromatography, resolving agent, smell

resolving agents seperate enatiomers by

turning them into diasteromers

are entropy and enthalpy state functions?

NO

Galvanic cells are (spontaneous/nonspontaneous) and electrolytic cells are (spontaneous/nonspontaneous)

spontaneous, nonspontaneous

if a cell has a negative eredution potential, you need to apply a power _________ than the negative reductionn potneital to get it going

greater

a fuel cell is a special type of _________ cell where reactants are continously supplied at the cathode and anode

galvanic

How do enantiomers rotate light?

equal but opposite directions

what causes different protein isoforms?

alternative splicing

when numbering substituents for IUPAC, they should have the highest/lowest number possible

lowest

In terms of equivalence, the buffer region is knonw as the

half equivalence point

what does gabriel synthesis do?

form alpha amino acids

ethanol can be converted to a carboxylic acid via

hydronium

how does decaerboxylation occur

heat!

What does strecker synthesis use to make an amino acid?

CN, strong acid, ammonia

What does gabrel synthesis use to make an amino acid?

thalidomide

Does strecker syntehsis and gabiel synths make L or D amino acids?

it makes a racemic mix

sn1 reactions prefer leaving groups that are

tertiary

What types of molecules do gabriel and strecker syntheis make

alpha amino acids

at the start of a concentration cell, the anode/cathode has more POSITIVE ions in solution

cathode

what is the only way to deprotonate a weak acid

use a strong base

phenol groups tend to be weakly…

acidic

an amine group can be protonated by a

strong acid

The equivalence point is the _________ part of a titration curve

vertical

what is the equivalence point of a titration

when moles of acid equal moels of base

When a reactant breaks down into multople compounds, the reacion is called a

decomposition

a combination reaction occurs when the reactants

form 1 compound

when an atom is moved from one molecule to another, the vbery basic term for this type of reaction is

single replacement

what can deprotonate a carboxylic acid?

strong base

list all 7 strong acids

HCL HBr HI HNO3 H2so4 Hclo3 Hclo4

bronstead lowry acids deal with

proton donors in any solvent

arrehnius acids deal with

producing H+ in WATER

a lewis acid is characterized by its ability to

accept electron pairs

diamagnetic means that

all electrons are paired

bronstead lowry acids are defined by their ability to

donate protons

do indicators particpate in reactions?

NO

KNOW SAPONIFICATION

general formula for a fatty acid

COO-Rn

What acid is a fatty acid comprised of?

carboxylic

the simplest (common denominator) molecuar formula is known generally as the

emperical formula

When working with atoms in d oribtals, the __ orbital has electrons removed first

s

What is uqniue about the d orbital?

it is 1 less than the s orbital

a salt can be considered basic if it makes… when dissolved in water

hydroxide

all amino acids (except glycine) are L or D

L

process used in chemistry that ionizes a sample using high energy electrons

mass spectrometry

process that uses radio waves to detect hydrogen by changing them from alpha to beta state

H NMR

if a side chain absorbs 250 nm and another side chain absorbs 190 nm, which side chain abasorbs at the wavelength closest to the groudns state?

the one that absorbd 250 nm

absorption method that uses left and right circularly polarized light

circular dichroism

is a CD sprectrum impacted by the presence of free amino acids

no

oxidation state correlates to how many relative…

electrons are in an atom

if a molecule changes it’s maximum abosrbance after the addition of an atom, it is due to a change in…

electronic structure

Why is water typically not put in the equilibrium constant

it is usually the solvent