AP Psych 2.4 Encoding Memories

Effortful Processing

Type of memory encoding that requires active work and attention to embedded info into long-term memory.

Automatic Processing

The unconscious encoding of info about space, time, frequency, and well-le

Levels of Processing Model

Proposes that the depth at which info is thought about affects how well it is remembered.

Shallow Encoding

A basic level of processing that focuses on surface characteristics of info, such as sound or appearance of words, without engaging with its meaning.

Structural

Type of shallow processing that focuses on the physical structure of info.

Phonemic

Shallow processing that focuses on the auditory aspect of info.

Deep Encoding

Involves thoroughly processing info by focusing on its meaning and connecting it to existing knowledge. This type of encoding: Analyzes the significance and implications of info. Creates durable and easily retrievable memories.

Chunking (Grouping)

Memory strategy that involves grouping individual pieces of info larger, meaningful units. This technique helps to: By organizing into chunks, more items can be held in short-term memory. Makes it easier to remember and retrieve info by reducing cognitive load.

Categories (Grouping)

Method of organizing info by grouping related items together into categories. This process enhances memory by: helps structure information in a more logical way. Makes it easier to access info through associated links between items within the same category.

Hierarchies (Grouping)

Organizing info into a system or ranked categories or levels. This method enhances memory by: Facilitates efficient search and recall through a structured format. Helps in understanding complex relationships between concepts by viewing them in a layered approach.

Mnemonics

Techniques used to improve memory. They help in recalling information by associating it with simple cues like patterns, vivid images, or rhymes. These tools make it easier to retrieve information, by proving a mental shortcut. Think about SOH-CAH-TOA for Trigonometry.

Method of Loci

Mnemonic technique that involves associating items to be remembered with specific physical locations. It enhances memory by: Links information to visual representations of familiar locations. Allows for retracing the mental path through these locations to retrieve the associated information.