Acids, Bases, Salts Vocab

Arrhenius Acid

• a compound, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺)

H⁺ ions combine with H₂O to form hydronium ions, H₃O⁺ (H⁺_(aq) + H₂O_(l) → H₃O⁺)

Arrhenius Base

a compound that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH^-)

Electrolyte

 compounds that can conduct electricity due to dissolved ions in water

Hydrogen Ion

 a positively charged ion formed when a hydrogen atom loses its only electron (H⁺); a proton

Hydronium Ion =H₃O⁺

a hydrated proton that exists in an aqueous solution as H₃O⁺ (when an acid dissolves in water and releases a H⁺, which combines with a H₂O molecule to form H3O+)

Indicator

a substance that causes a color change in the presence or absence of the chemical being tested; used to test acids and bases (Table M)

Neutralization

a reaction between an acid and a base to produce salt and water (ex. HNO₃ + LiOH → LiNO₃ + H₂O

pH Scale

• a logarithmic scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution; ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral

1. pH < 7 = acidic

2. pH > 7 = basic

Salt

an ionic compound; consisting of a positive and negative ion

Titration

chemical process in which an unknown quantity or concentration of acid or base is determined by adding a measured amount of a standard acid or base until the reaction reaches its equivalence point, resulting in a neutral solution