ANHB2214 Week 9

The adenohypophysis is comprised of 75% __________ and 25% ___________

pars distalis and pars tuberalis

The neurohypophysis is comprised of _______ and ____________.

Infundibulum and pars nervosa

What is derived from the floor of the 3rd brain ventricle?

Neurohypophysis

The adenohypophysis is derived from?

evagination of oropharynx ectoderm

Chromophils

secretory cells in which hormone is stored in cytoplasmic granules.
Acidophil and basophil

The superior hypophyseal arteries supply the _______ and the ________

median eminence, infundibular stalk

The inferior hypophyseal arteries provide blood mainly for the ________.

neurohypophysis

Acidophils

Somatotrophs & lactotrophs
Secrete either growth hormone (somatotropin) or prolactin (PRL)

Basophils

The corticotrophs, gonadotrophs, and thyrotrophs, with target cells in the adrenal cortex, gonads, and thyroid gland, respectively.

The adenohypophysis is derived from _________ and the neurohypophysis is derived ________.

oral ectoderm, neural ectoderm

Chromophobes

stem cells, undifferentiated progenitor cells and degranulated cells

ADH is synthesised by ______ neurons in the __________ of the hypothalamus.

magnocellular, supraoptic nuclei

Oxytocin is synthesised by ________ neurons in the ____________ of the hypothalamus.

magnocellular, paraventricular nuclei

Pineal Gland (Epiphysis) develops from _________ in the ____________.

neuroectoderm, posterior wall of the third ventricle

Pinealocytes

produce & secrete melatonin in response to darkness (via retinohypothalamic tract)

Corpora arenacea “Brain sand”

composed of calcium and magnesium salts

Thyroid follicles

consist of a pink-coloured thyroglobulin colloid “lake” surrounded by single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells.

Follicular cells

Produce T4 and T3.
Help control the basal metabolic rate in cells throughout the body

Parafollicular cells or C cells

Produce calcitonin which inhibits osteoclast activity to reduce blood calcium levels.

Which cells secrete and store parathyroid hormone?

Principal chief cell

Parathyroid hormone

Most important regulator of blood calcium levels and is essential for life.
PTH raises blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity.

Adrenal medulla

contains chromaffin (pheochromocytes) cells that synthesise epinephrine and norepinephrine to prepare body for “flight-or-fight”

Zona glomerulosa

produce aldosterone - Mineralocorticoids

Zona fasciculata

Spongiocytes produce cortisol - Glucocorticoids

Zone reticularis

produce weak androgens - Sex hormones

Where is corpora arenacea found?

Pineal gland

Which cell type are involved in the secretion thyroglobulin?

Follicular cells

Which part the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids?

Zona fasciculata

What are the cells of the pineal gland called?

Pinealocytes

Which gland secretes T3?

Thyroid

What is the most common cell in the parathyroid gland?

Principal cell

Where are catecholamines secreted from?

Chromaffin cells

What type of hormone is epinephrine?

catecholamines

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is produced by cells of the zona _________________.

reticularis

Mineralocorticoids (i.e. aldosterone) are secreted by cells of the zona ________________.

glomerulosa

The hypophysis is connected to the hypothalamus via the ______________.

Infundibulum

Oxytocin is synthesised by large neurons in the _______________ nuclei of the hypothalamus.

paraventricular

The pink colloid lakes of the thyroid contain the large glycoprotein ____________.

thyroglobulin

Somatotrophs secrete ____________ hormone.

growth

The adenohypophysis is derived from the ______ ectoderm.

oral

Prolactin is secreted by ____________.

lactotrophs

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by cells from the adrenal ____________.

medulla

Anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin) is synthesised by the _______ nuclei in the hypothalamus.

supraoptic

The adrenal medulla contains chromaffin cells that are derived from the embryonic _________________.

neural crest

The hypophysis is located in the _____________ of the sphenoid bone.

sella turcica

Delta cells produce ____________ that inhibits the secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatotropin.

somatostatin

Calcitonin is produced and secreted by _______________ cells.

parafollicular

The pituitary gland is also called the ___________.

hypophysis

T3 (tri-iodothyronin) and T4 (thyroxine) are produced by follicular cells, also known as ______________.

thyrocytes

Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are secreted by ________________.

gonadotrophs

The neurohypophysis receives it's blood supply from the __________________ artery.

inferior hypophyseal