HTH 100 Chapter 8 - Recognizing and Avoiding Addiction and Drug Abuse

Addiction

treatable chronic disease driven by substance of behavior

Physiological Dependence

Tolerance develops and withdrawal symptoms occur

psychological dependence

dependency of mind on a substance or behavior

Compulsion

preoccupation with a behavior and an overwhelming need to perform it

Loss of control

inability to predict when a substance or behavior will be healthy or damaging

Negative Consequence

Physical damage, legal trouble, financial ruin academic failure, etc.

Denial

Inability to interpret self-destructive effects of a behavior

Inability to abstain

failure to avoid drug use.

Psychoactive drugs

-alter mood or behavior

-affects the brain (gives pleasure)

Types of Drugs

-Prescription

-Over the counter

-Recreational

-Herbal preparation

-Illegal

-Commercial preparation

Routes of drug administration

-Oral (most common)

-inhalation (fastest route to the brain

-Injection (vein, muscle, skin)

-Transdermal (skin, vagina, anus)

Polydrug use

several substances taken together

Synergism

effects of two or more drugs multiplied what is expected if you took alone

Inhibition

Effects of one drug are reduced by another

Cross-tolerance

tolerance of one drug transfers to a second

Drug misuse/abuse

lead to addiction

Cocaine

high dose can increase heart rate and blood pressure, weight loss

Amphetamines

muscle twitching, become more irritable, apprehensive

ADHD medication

Adderall, Concerta, Vyvanse

Methamphetamine

easy addiction and made using OTC drugs

Caffeine

Most popular drug in US, takes 4-6 hours to metabolize half

Cannabis

-Marijuana, Hashish, Hash

Oil

-Tetrahydrocannabinol(THC) makes it psychoactive

Marijuana and Driving

-Reduces ability to react and make quick decisions

-combined with alcohol, synergize

State Cannabis Program

-measures approved in Mississippi for medical use and South Dakota for non-medical use was overturned in 2021

-New medical legislation in Feb 2022

Synthetic Marijuana

-K2 or "Spice"

-Mimics feeling, longer duration, less detection in urine test

-"joint" or hookah

Opiates/Opioids

-depressant of CNS

-drowsiness, relive pain, induce happiness

Fentanyl

pain killer which can be up to 100 times stronger than heroin

Treatment for Heroin Addiction

-Treatment ineffective

-bad withdrawals

-Methadone helps

Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates

-Sedative drug that promotes mental calmness

-Usually for tension, muscular strain, sleep, anxiety

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

-CNS depressant to have a euphoric sedative effect

Hallucinogens

-Mind altering drugs that affect brain and nervous system changes

-LSD(most famous), Mescaline, Psilocybin, Phencyclidine

Synesthesia

Sensory messages are mixed (smells color, hears taste)

Club/Designer Drugs

Ecstasy, Bath Salts

-Sources can vary, unpredictable effects

Inhalants

Vapor Chemicals causing hallucination and euphoric effects

Steroids

-Injectable, pills

-mood swings, acne, liver tumors, hypertension

Treatment and Recovery

Most difficult is admitting the problem

Detoxification

the early abstinence period

Outpatient behavioral treatment

Residential and therapeutic

12-step program

alc, cocaine, crystal meth, pills (all anonymous)

Which of the following would NOT be considered a psychoactive drug?

peniccillin

A drug effect where there is a mixing of the senses like hearing colors or seeing smells is called synergism

False