Ear and Eyes

Ear Subdivisions (EMI)

External, Middle, Inner

External

Auricle, External Auditory Canal

Middle Ear

Extends from tympanic membrane to oval window

Oval Window

Membrane covered opening to the inner ear

Where are these three tiny bones: ossicles located

Between tympanic membrane and oval window

Ossicles (MIS) 1

Malleus (hammer)

Ossicles (MIS) 2

Incus (anvil)

Ossicles (MIS) 3

Stapes (stirrup)

Inner Ear

Series of fluid filled passages known collectively as the labyrinth

Cochlea of Inner Ear

Front portion

Vestibular Apparatus

Rear portion

Function of External Ear

Produces Cerumen

Cerumen

Acts as a filter by trapping dust and other foreign substances, preventing them from entering the internal structures

Indented shape of auricles act as..

Highly effective receivers of sound waves which direct sound waves toward inner structures

Function of Middle Ear

Sound waves travel through auditory canal and strike the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

As the eardrum vibrates..

Sound waves move the ossicles (MIS) through the middle ear

As the stapes move..

It touches a membrane called the oval window

Inner Ear Function

Sound waves reach inner ear also called labyrinth, via fluctuations of the oval window (separates middle ear and inner ear)

Snail shaped cochlea contain what

Special auditory liquids through which vibrations travel

Organ of Corti

Tiny hair cells receive vibrations from the auditory and relay the sound waves to auditory nerve fibers

Where do sound waves end

They end in the auditory center of cerebral cortex, here these impulses are interpreted and heard

Oto

Ear

Myringo, tympano

Tympanic membrane ear drum

Labyrinth

Bony part

Acouso, audio, audito

Hearing

Mastoido

Mastoid process

Salpingo

Tube (eustachian)

Acusis

Hearing

(-opsia)

Vision

(-tropia)

Turning

Otolaryngologist

Specialist in the study of ear and throat

Tympanorrhexis

Rupture of the eardrum

Presbycusis, presbyacusia

Hearing (loss) due to old age

Otitis Media Signs and Symptoms

Ear aches, accumulation of fluid within middle ear, common among infants and young children, chronic form of serous otitis media may develop from acute condition, or it may result from overgrowth of adenoidal tissue or chronic sinus infections, suppurative otitis media is caused by introduction of pyogenic microorganisms into the middle ear, often follow the mumps, influenza, or colds and may be induced by overly forceful nose blowing, swimming in contaminated water may result in middle ear infection

Otitis Media Treatment

Antibiotics and analgesics to relieve pain, drainage accomplished by myringotomy or needle aspiration, surgery (myringoplasty and tympanoplasty, to repair a ruptured tympanic membrane), Pressure-equalizing tubes are inserted surgically into the ympanic membrane to equalize pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear

Presbycusis

Impairment of hearing that results from the aging process

Tinnitus

Ringing or tinkling noise heard constantly or intermittently in one or both ears, even in a quiet environment

Vertigo

Sensation of moving around ins pace or a feeling of dizziness or spinning

Tuning Fork Test

Evaluation of sound conductions using a vibrating tuning fork (Rinne evaluates bone versus air conduction of sound), bone conduction in both ears at the same time

Otoscopy

Visual examination of external auditory canal and tympanic membrane using an otoscope

Audiometer

Delivers acoustic stimuli at different frequencies

Myringotomy

Incision of tympanic membrane followed by a insertion of a P E tube

Cochlear Implants

All implants feature a microelectronic processor for converting sound to electrical signals

Wax emulsifiers

Help remove impacted cerumen

Eye Shape and Location

Globe shaped and located within a hollow bony socket (orbit) in the anterior cranium

Fibrous Tunic (SCC)

Sclera, cornea, conjunctiva

Eyelid and Lacrimal Glands

Eyelids and eyelashes, lacrimal gland, lacrimal ducts, and the nasolacrimal duct

Nasolacrimal duct

Drains tears from lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity

Lacrimal Glands

Secretes tears that travel through lacrimal ducts

Oculo, ophthal

Eye

Blephar

Eyelid

Opto

eye /vision

Dacryo, lacrimo

Tear; lacrimal apparatus duct, sac, or gland double

Kerato

Horny tissue, hard, cornea

Coro, coreo, pupillo

Pupil

Opia, opsia

Vision

Keratometer

Instrument for measuring curvature of the cornea

Exotropia

Turning outward of the eyes

Vitrectomy

Excision of the vitreous body

Strabismus Signs and Symptoms

Visual defect in which both eyes cannot be directed focus simultaneously on the same object

Glaucoma

Accumulated fluid pressure within the eye damages the retina and the optic nerve, often causing blindness

Mascular Degeneration

Macula small area of retina responsible for central and color vision

Hordeolum

Inflammatory infection of sebaceous glands of the eye lid