4.4_Study Notes for US Trade Policies and Global Positioning in the 19th Century

Treaty of Paris (1783)

The treaty that established the United States' independence from Great Britain, although European powers initially did not take the US seriously.

Impressment

The act by which the British Navy seized American sailors and forced them into service, a major cause of tension and eventually the War of 1812.

Embargo Act of 1807

Initiated by Thomas Jefferson, this act cut off all trade to force Britain and France to respect US neutrality, but it caused significant economic hardship in the US and failed to achieve its goals.

Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

This act replaced the Embargo Act, restricting trade specifically with Britain and France. It also had minimal positive impact and was deemed a failure.

Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)

Temporarily reopened trade with Britain and France under conditions that goods be carried on American ships. Led to Napoleon deceiving the US to gain economic advantage over Britain.

Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)

A decisive defeat of an American Indian alliance, which led to further pressures on indigenous territories for US expansion.

Tecumseh's Resistance Movement

Led by Shawnee leaders Tecumseh and his brother, this movement focused on preserving ancestral lands and recruiting other Native American tribes to resist US encroachment.

Causes of the War of 1812

Persistent British occupation of US territories, British support of Native American resistance, and the impressment of American sailors by the British Navy.

Outcome of the War of 1812

Characterized by stalemate and some US military successes, resulted in the Treaty of Ghent which restored pre-war territorial boundaries.

Significance of the War of 1812

The war elevated the US position as it was the second major conflict against the British, increasing international respect for the United States despite no change in territorial boundaries.

Adams-Onís Treaty

During James Monroe's presidency, this treaty led to the acquisition of Florida from Spain and established the border with Canada.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

A policy declared by President James Monroe, stating that the Western Hemisphere was a US sphere of influence, any further European colonization would be met with resistance, and the US would not interfere in European wars.

Implications of the Monroe Doctrine

Affirmed the US's growing power on the world stage and set a precedent for future US foreign policy and intervention in the Americas.