IGCSE Biology : U2 : Nutrition in Plants

Photosynthesis

The endothermic reaction in chloroplasts using sunlight and chlorophyll to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.

Chloroplasts

Organelles containing chlorophyll that conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.

Xylem

Plant tissue responsible for transporting water.

Phloem

Plant tissue responsible for transporting food and nutrients.

Palisade Cells

Leaf cells adapted for photosynthesis with a high concentration of chloroplasts.

Thylakoid Membranes

Structures in chloroplasts containing chlorophyll and conducting light reactions.

Limiting Factors

Components like light intensity, CO2 levels, and temperature that can restrict the rate of photosynthesis.

Endosymbiosis

Theory suggesting chloroplasts and mitochondria were once independent prokaryotic cells engulfed by eukaryotic cells.

Denaturing

Process where enzymes lose their shape and function due to extreme temperatures, affecting photosynthesis.

Starch Test

Experiment involving leaf treatment with iodine to detect the presence of starch, indicating photosynthesis activity.

Deficiency Symptoms

Nitrate deficiency leads to stunted growth and yellow leaves, while magnesium deficiency causes pale yellow leaves due to chlorophyll shortage.