Phonetics Quiz

suprasegmentals

aspects of speech are overlaid on individual segments

intonation

pattern/melody of pitch changes in an utterance

pitch declonation

pitch drops slowly over the course of a clause/sentence

pitch resetting

when we take a breath we rest the pitch at a higher level

stress

degree of emphasis of a syllable in a word or with a word in a phrase or sentence

lexical stress

stress within a word can sometimes make difference in meaning

primary, secondary, tertiary

what are the different degrees of stress

syllable stress

special set of labels that apply to the stress patterns of two-syllable words ONLY

trochaic (mother, daughter)

first syllable is stressed and give examples

iambic (annoy, chorale)

second syllable is stressed and give examples

spondaic (baseball, cowboy)

both syllables have primary stress and give examples

contrastive stress

some words or phrases need extra emphasis to be sure the specific meaning is conveyed

new vs given information

when new info is being introduced, speaker uses higher pitch/longer duration

tempo

pace of the output; emotions play a big factor

undershoot

to make elements shorter we usually make movements themselves shorter

pause/juncture

period of momentary silence

motherese

higher pitch, exaggerated intonation, increased repetition of words or phrases

clear speech

used in difficult listening situations such as loud restaurant; greater pitch variation, slow rate

lengthened

sound is prolonged/longer than you expect it to be

colon :

what symbol represents lengthening

shortened

sound is obviously brief in duration

greater than sign >

what symbol represents shortening

paralinguistics

nonverbal characteristics related to emotions and speaking style

narrow transcription

adding special marks at different locations around the phoneme

diacritics

what are special marks called

coarticulation

when conversational speech is produced, many modifications occur in the production of speech sounds

minor deviations/distortions in children speech, people with dialects, people with speech disorders

what are the uses of narrow transcription

nasalized

sound that is not nasal produced with nasal resonance

̃ above the vowel

what is the symbol for nasalized

denasalized

segment produced without nasalization

squiggle line with a line going through it above the vowel

what is the symbol for denasalized

dentalized

articulated with the tip of the tongue against the back of the upper teeth

̪

what is the symbol for dentalized

̡

what is the symbol for palatalized

palatalized

tongue blade is close to the palate (too far back)

lateralized

release of air through at least one side of the mouth

̯

what is the symbol for lateralized

synchronic tie

when 2 distinct articulations are linked together in one segment

͡over the two sounds

asterisk *

what is the symbol for unintelligible

questionable segment ?

if you just lose a sound, use _______

unintelligible symbol *

if you lose a whole syllable, use ______