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confluence
point at which two rivers join
tributary
a river which joins a larger river
watershed
boundary dividing one drainage basin from another
hydraulic action
fast flowing water is forced into cracks breaking apart the river bank over time
solution (ersosion)
alkaline rocks such as limestone are dissolved by acidic rainwater
attrition
the wearing away of the rocks which are in the river as they knock together
abrasion
when the waves throw sand, pebbles ad sometimes boulders against a cliff face
saltation
pebbles bouncing along the river bed
solution (transport)
the transport of dissolved chemicals
suspension
tiny particles of material carried within the water
traction
large stones dragged along the river bed
drainage basin
the area of land around a river
thalweg
the fastest flow in a river
helicoidal flow
the corkscrew-like flow of the water
infiltration
water going into the ground
groundwater flow
excess water going up to the surface because the ground in saturated
throughflow
water flowing downhill into the soil
levees
a raised bank formed on the banks of a river due to the build up of sediment
floodplain
an area of low lying land prone to flooding
lag time
period between a rainfall event and a river’s peak discharge
peak discharge/flow
maximum discharge in the river
peak rainfall
maximum rainfall in an event
back flow
the normal day to day discharge
falling limb
represents the falling flood water in the river
rising limb
represents the rising flood water in the river