appsych unit 2 cognition- intelligence and achievement first 30

intelligence

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

charles spearman

generated the idea of general intelligence

general intelligence (g)

according to spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

factor analysis

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related ideas on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance

L. L. Thurstone

thurstone gave 56 different tests to people and mathematically identified 7 clusters of primary mental abilities

fluid intelligence (gf)

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood

crystalized intelligence (gc)

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

cattel-horn-carroll (chc) theory

the theory that our intelligence is based on a general intelligence as well as special abilities bridged by fluid and crystalized intelligence

howard gardner

identified 8 relatively independent intelligences

savant syndrome

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skills such as drawing

grit

in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals

emotional intelligence

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

intelligence test

a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores

achievement test

a test designed to assess what a person has learned

aptitude test

a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; ________ is the capacity to learn

francis galton

fascinated with measuring human traits

alfred binet

created the 1st practical intelligence test by assessing the diverse abilities of parisan schoolchildren in the 19th century

mental age

the level of performance typically associated with a certain chronological age

lewis terman

an american psychologist known for his revision of the stanford-binet IQ test and his longitudinal study on gifted children

stanford-binet

the widely used american revision of binet’s original intelligence test

intelligence quotient (IQ)

defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age, multiplied by 100

david wechsler

created what is now the most widely used individual intelligence test

wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)

most widely used intelligence tests; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests

psychometrics

the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

standardization

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

normal curve

the bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

flynn effect

the rise in intelligence test performance over time and across cultures

reliability

the extent to which a test yields consistent results as assessed by the consistency of scores on 2-halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting

validity

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it’s supposed to

content validity

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest