Ophthalmic scribe flash cards

abduction

the movement of the eye outward toward the temple.

aberration

1. blurred or distorted image quality that results rom inherent physical properties (shape, curvature, density) of an optical device (lens or prism).

2. the failure of a refracting surface or lens to produce an exact point-to-point correspondence between an objet and its image.

abscess

a localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

abrasion

a scratch

absolute scotoma

a severe visual field defect in which the largest and brightest stimulus cannot be seen; blindness at that location

accommodation

adjustment by the eye for seeing at different distances, accomplished by changing the shape of the crystalline lens through action of the ciliary muscle.

acute

refers to a condition that flares up suddenly and persists for only a short time

add

the portion of the multifocal lens (usually the lower part) that provides near vision. also called segment or near add.

adduction

movement of the eye inward toward the nose

adenovirus

a family of viruses involved primarily in respiratory infections; can cause highly contagious forms of conjunctivitis.

adnexa/adnexae/adnexa oculi

1. structures surrounding the eyeball; includes eyelids, eyebrows, tear drainage system, orbital walls, and orbital contents.

2. the tissues and structures surrounding the eye; includes thhe orbit, extraocular muscles, eyelids, and lactrimal apparatus.

afferent pupillary defect

a medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test whereupon the patients pupils constrict less (therefore appearing to dilate) when a bright light is swung from the unaffected eye to the affected eye.

against motion

the retinoscopic reflex movement that is in the opposite direction from the streak of light; typical f the myopic eye.

age related macular degeneration

a disease in which sensory cells of the macula degenerate resulting in loss of cental vision; affects older people

wet macula degeneration

chronic eye disease that causes blurred vision or a blind spot in your visual field. its generally caused by abnormal blood vessels that leak fluid or blood into the macula

true

true or false:

can dry macular degeneration turn into wet macular degeneration?

AK-Dex

trade name for an anti-inflammatory steroid ointment or suspension used for treating ocular infections.

altitudinal scotoma

the joining and enlargement of a nasal step visual field defect an arcuate scotoma to cause loss of the entire upper or lower visual field.

amsler grid test

a test for determining the presence and location of defects in the central portion of the visual field

anesthetic

a drug that causes a temporary deadening of a nerve, resulting in loss of feeling in the surrounding tissue.

anisocoria

a condition in which the pupils are of unequal size.

anterior

front

anterior chamber

the small compartment between the cornea and the iris that is filled with a clear, transparent fluid called aqueous humor.

anterior chamber angle/ filtration angle

the junction of the cornea and the iris from which aqueous humor leave the eye.

anterior segement

the front of the eye; includes the structures between the front surface of the cornea and the vitreous.

antibiotic

a drug that combats a bacterial infection.

apex

the top of a prism

aphakia

absence of the crystalline lens of the eye; usually because of cataract extraction.

aphakic correction

the use of a contact lens, eyeglasses, or an intraocular lens for more normal vision in aphakic patients.

applanation

a form of tonometry in which the force required to flatten a small area of the central cornea is measured

aqueous humor

clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye.

arc perimeter

a perimetric device that can test the entire field of vision

arcuate scotoma

the enlargement of a Bjjerum scotoma to become an arc-shaped area of reduced sensitivity.

arcus senilis

a common degenerative change in which the outer edge of the cornea gradually becomes opaque, generally in both eyes; affects people over the age of 50.

argon laser

argon gas-filled laser used for placing minute burns, to selectively destroy bits of iris, retina, abnormal blood vessel tissue, tumors, etc.

argon laser tabeculoplasty

using an argon gas-filled laser to selectively burn the trabecular meshwork area, to lower intraocular pressure.

A-mode ultrasonogaphy

a diagnostic procedure in which sound waves traveling in a straight line are used to reveal the position of, and distances, between, structures within the eye and orbit.

aseptic technique

is a set of specific practices and procedures performed under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination by pathogens.

aspheric lens

a non-spherical lens, in which the radii of curvature increase towards the periphery rather than remaining equal at all points. aspheric lenses reduce optical aberration and improve resolution.

asthenopia

ocular fatigue caued by tiring of the muscles around the eye.

astigmatism

. Optical defect in which refractive power is not uniform in all directions (meridians). Light rays entering the eye are bent unequally by different meridians, which prevents formation of a sharp image focus on the retina. Slight uncorrected astigmatism may not cause symptoms, but a large amount may result in significant blurring and headache.

atropine 1%atr

eyedrop

tat blocks the parasympathetic nerves to the eye, paralyzing the iris spincter and ciliary body causing an enlarged pupil and blurred near vision.

axial ray

a light ray that strikes the center of the lens of any shape and passes undeviated through the lens material. also called principal ray.

axis

the meridian perpendicular o the meridian with curvature in a cylindrical lens.

axon

the long fiber-like portion of ganglion cell that courses over the surface of the retina and converges over the optic disc.

bifocal

Eyeglasses that incorporate two different powers in each lens, usually for near and distance corrections.

binocular vision

Blending of the separate images seen by each eye into one composite image.

bowmans layer

corneal layer just under the epithelium & above the corneal stroma. (tissue that at this time has no apparent reason for existing)1

bulbar

pertaining to the globe

canthus

the angle at either end of the slit between the eyelids.

caruncle

a pink, fleshy, or relatively isolated skin located in the medial canthus area adjacent to the medial canthus area adjacent to the plica semilunaris.

cataract

Opacity or cloudiness of the crystalline lens, which may prevent a clear image from forming on the retina. Surgical removal of the lens may be necessary if visual loss becomes significant, with lost optical power replaced with an intraocular lens, contact lens, or aphakic spectacles. May be congenital or caused by trauma, disease, or age.

chalazion (kuh-LAY-zee-un)

Inflammed lump in a meibomian gland (in the eyelid). Inflammation usually subsides, but may need surgical removal. Sometimes called an internal hordeolum.

choroid (KOR-oyd)

Vascular (major blood vessel) layer of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. Provides nourishment to outer layers of the retina.

chorioretinitis KOR-ee-oh-ret-ih-NI-tis

inflammation of the choroid and retina.

choroiditis

inflammation of the choroid