CHEM 40A - chapter 1

methane

1 carbon

ethane

2 carbons

propane

3 carbons

butane

4 carbons

pentane

5 carbons

hexane

6 carbons

heptane

7 carbons

octane

8 carbons

nonane

9 carbons

decane

10 carbons

alkane (-ane)

C - C

alkene (-ene)

C = C

alkyne (-yne)

C ≡ C

arene

alcohol (-ol, substituent = “hydroxyl”)

thiols

ether

sulfide (thioether)

ammonia

amine

ammonium

imine

nitrile

aldehyde (-al)

ketone (-one)

carboxylic acid (-oic acid)

carboxylate

anhydride

acid halide (X=F, C, Br, I)

(X=F, C, Br, I)

ester (-oate)

thioester

1 amide

2 amide

3 amide

phosphate

phosphate anhydride

phosphate ester

phosphate diester

lipids

isoprenoid, hydrophilic head

isoprenoid

carbohydrates

hydrated carbons (carbons w/ lots of OH groups)

proteins

amino acid backbone structure usually consists of an amine, alpha carbon, carboxylic acids, and R group