Module 7: Blood, lymphatic system, and immunology

aden/o

gland

bacteri/o

bacteria

erythr/o

red

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

immun/o

exempt, immunity

leuk/o

white

lymph/o

clear water or fluid

path/o

disease

splen/o

spleen

thromb/o

clot

thym/o

wartlike, thymus gland

tox/o

poison

erythrocytes

red blood cells, “red cells”

leukocytes

white blood cells, “white cells”

platelets

fragments of cells, trigger formation of blood clots to reduce blood loss

lymph

transports substances throughout body, only found in lymphatic vessels. carry components of imunity

blood

transport substances through body an protect against infectious disease and regulate body temp

lymphatic system

protection from infectious disease and recycles fluids from extracellular environment to bloodstream

hematology

field of medicine focusing on blood-related disease

immunology

field of medicine that treats disease. body’s ability to defend against infection

virology

study of viruses

an-

without, absence of

iso-

equal

macro-

large

poly-

excessive, over, many

cyt/o

cell

poikil/o

irregular

tox/o

poison

\-emia

condition of blood

\-ia

condition of

\-lysis

loosen, disolve

\-megaly

abnormally large

\-penia

abnormal reduction in number, deficiency

\-rrhage

abnormal discharge

anisocytosis

presence of red blood cells of unequal size in sample of blood. “condition of without equal cells”

bacteremia

presence of bacteria in sample of blood. “condition of bacteria in the blood”

erythropenia, erythrocytopenia

abnormally reduced number of red blood cells

hemolysis

rupture of red blood cell membrane. “dissolve blood”

hemorrhage

abnormal loss of blood from circulation

leukopenia, leukocytopenia

abnormally reduced number of white blood cells in sample of blood

macrocytosis

presence of abnormally large red blood cells. “condition of large cell”

poikilocytosis

more than 10% of cells have irregular shape. “condition of irregular cell”

polycythemia, erythrocytosis

abnormal increase in number of red blood cells. results from genetic mutation in stem cells of bone marrow. “condition of red cell”

thrombopenia, thrombocytopenia

abnormally reduced number of platelets

toxemia

presence of toxins in bloodstream. “condition of blood poison”

ana-

up, toward

mono-

one

eden/o

gland

aut/o

self

botul/o

sausage

fung/o

fungus

globin/o

protein

hydr/o

water

iatr/o

physician

idi/o

individual

necr/o

death

nosocom/o

hospital

nucle/o

kernel, nucleus

sept/o

putrefying. wall or partition

staphyloccocc/o

Staphylococcus

streptococc/o

Streptococcus

\-genic

pertaining to producing, forming

\-ial

pertaining to

\-ic

pertaining to

\-ism

condition or disease

\-itis

inflammation

\-oma

tumor

\-osis

condition of

\-pathy

disease

\-philia

loving, affinity for

\-phobia

fear

\-phylaxis

protection

\-rrhagic

pertaining to abnormal discharge

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS

caused by HIV. disables immune response by destroying important white blood cells ( helper T )

HIV/AIDS

most deadly disease on our planet

allergy

body’s immune response to allergens

allergic rhinitis

hay fever. affects mucous membranes of nasal cavity and throat

allergic dermatitis

affects skin where is has been in physical contact with allergen

anaphylaxis

reaction to antigen that spreads quickly to cause bodywide inflammation. spasms of GI tract

anemia

“without blood”. reduced ability of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to tissues

aplastic anemia

red bone marrow fails to produce sufficient numbers of normal blood cells

iron-deficiency anemia

caused by lack of available iron, resulting in body’s inability to make adequate amounts of hemoglobin

sickle cell anemia

hemoglobin is defective in cells, resulting in misshaped red blood cells that cause obstructions in blood vessels

pernicious anemia

caused by failure to acquire vitamin B12 into bloodstream

bioterrorism

application of disease-causing microorganisms ( pathogens ) to cause harm to population

anthrax

bacterial disease that has been threatened to be used in bioterrorism. usually fatal. blackening of skin and lungs

autoimmune disease

disease caused by person’s own immune response attacking otherwise healthy tissues. “self-exempt / immunity”

botulism

lethal form of foodborne illness. caused by ingestion of food contaminated with neurotoxin

communicable / contagious disease

disease that is capable of transmission from one person to another

diptheria

resulting in acute inflammation of mucous membranes. formation of obstructive, leatherlike membrane in throat

dyscrasia

“difficult temperament”. any abnormal condition of the blood

edema

swelling that is caused by leakage of fluid from bloodstream into interstitial space between body cells

fungemia, fungal septicemia

disease that spreads throughout body by way of bloodstream. “condition of blood fungus”

hematoma

mass of blood outside blood vessels and confined within an organ or pace in body. commonly known as bruise or contusion when visible through skin

hemoglobinopathy

disease that affects hemoglobin in red blood cells. “disease of blood protein”. sickle cell anemia is form of it

hemophilia

inherited bleeding disorder that results from defective or missing blood-clotting protein. abnormal loss of blood. “love for blood”

hemorrhagic fever

disease that causes internal bleeding and high fevers

iatrogenic disease

disease that is caused by medical treatment

idiopathic disease

disease that develops without known cause. “pertaining to individual disease

immunodeficiency

condition resulting from defective immune response. occurs when there are insufficient numbers of functional white blood cells available to defend body