life at molecular,cellular and tissue level
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13 Terms
two types of nucleic acids
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 2. Ribonucleic acid(RNA)
where is DNA found?
in the nucleus
what is extra nuclear DNA
it is DNA found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts(in plants)
what DNA made up of ?/ the shape of DNA
long twisted strands that form a double helix structure.
the units that make up DNA?
polymer - monomers - nucleotides
what are nucleotides made up of ?
Sugar molecule( deoxyribose or ribose)
phosphate molecule
nitrogenous base
name the four nitrogenous bases
cytosine
thymine
guanine
adenine
Purines
made up of two fused rings of nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen atoms. e.g Guanine and Adenine
Pyrimidines
are made up of one ring of same atoms .E.g Cytosine and Uracil or Thymine
what is an intron ?
it is a non coding region in the DNA ( junk DNA)
What is an exon?
is a protein coding region in the DNA
Functions of the DNA
it carries hereditary information
it is needed for protein synthesis
it ensures that it passes the genes to future generations
how do organisms differ ?
the sequencing of nucleotides determines the genetic code of an organism
