TERM: Chapter 6- Gut Instincts

The digestive system is referred to as the following:

• Digestive system (or tract)

• Alimentary system

• GI system (or tract)

  • GI= gastrointestinal

Functions of the Digestive System:

• Intake and digestion of food and water

• Absorption of nutrients

• Elimination of solid wastes

The combining form for nourishment is aliment/o

Structures of the Digestive System

• Mouth or oral cavity

• Pharynx -> throat

• Esophagus

• Stomach

• Small intestines

• Large intestines

• Accessory organs of digestion

  • Liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Mouth or Oral Cavity

Mechanical and chemical digestion begin…

• Lips (labia): form the opening to the oral cavity

• Cheeks: form the walls of the oral cavity

• The palate: forms the roof of the mouth

• The tongue: is a moveable muscular organ used for tasting and processing food

Combining forms for Lips (labia)

• cheil/o

• labi/o

Combining form for Cheeks

• bucc/o

Combining form for palate

palat/o

Rug/o

wrinkle or fold (hard palate)

Soft palate

caudal portion, involved in closing off the nasal passage during swallowing

Combining forms for tongue

• gloss/o

• lingo/o

Elevations of the tongue are called

Papillae

Papillae: Filiform

thread-like

Papillae: Fungiform

mushroom- like

Papillae: Vallate

cup-shaped

Structures of the Mouth

contains the

• lips

• cheeks

• palates (hard and soft)

• salivary glands

• tongue

• teeth,

• periodontium →gingiva

combining forms are

• or/o

• stomat/o

What are the boundaries of the mouth:

• Maxilla (upper jaw)

• Mandible (lower jaw)

combining form for jaw: gnath/o

Prognathia

having an elongated mandible → underbite

Brachygnathia

having a shortened mandible → overbite

• dent/o

• dent/i

• odont/o

Combining forms for teeth

Dentition

refers to the teeth as a whole

Primary dentition

baby teeth → fall out

decide/o= shedding

Secondary dentition

Adult teeth

Mixed dentition

both baby and adult teeth present

2(I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3)

Adult dog = 42 teeth

2(1 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1)

Adult cat= 30 teeth

Types of Teeth: Incisor

front cutting tooth

Types of Teeth: Canine

long, pointed bone- like tooth for grasping and tearing

Types of Teeth: Premolar

cheek tooth that grinds food

Types of Teeth: Molar

caudal cheek tooth that grinds food

The anatomy of a tooth:

• Enamel= outer “white“ surface located in the crown

• Cementum= outer surface located in the root

• Dentin= connective tissue surrounding the pulp

• Pulp= inner part of the tooth that contains nerve, vessels, and loose connective tissue

The mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth is

Gingiva

• gingiv/o

What are groups of cells that secrete saliva?

Salivary glands

• sialaden/o, sial/o

Salivary mucocele =

sialocele: collection of saliva that has leaked from a damaged salivary gland/duct and is surrounded by thickened tissue

The pharynx (throat)

is the cavity in the caudal oral cavity that joins the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems

• Combining form is pharyng/o

The esophagus (gullet)

muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach

• combining form is esophag/o

Enters the stomach through an opening that is surrounded by sphincter (ring- like muscle that constricts an opening)

Esophagostomy tube

= making a new opening into the esophagus (a type of feeding tube)

The remaining digestive organs are found in the abdomen

• AKA: the peritoneal or abdominal cavity

• located between the diaphragm and pelvis

• combing forms are: abdomin/o and celi/o

Combining form for abdomen or flank

lapar/o