World History - Islam

What is a mosque?

A Muslim place of worship

What dynasty was in charge of the Islamic golden age?

Abbasids

What are the five pillars of Islam?

Faith, prayer, alms, fasting, hajj

Faith

Shahada; belief in 1 God and that Mohammed is his prophet

Prayer

Salat; Pray five times a day facing Mecca

Alms

Zakat; give money to the poor, non optional

Fasting

Ramadan, fast during day, no food or drink

Hajj

Pilgrimage - once in your life if affordablle; make pilgrimage to Mecca

Mecca

Arabian city where Islam was founded by Muhammed in 610

Caliph

Successor to Muhammed, new leader

Abu Bakr

1st Caliph, “caliphate” used Jihad to explore and expand the Muslim empire

Jihad

struggle (internal and external) against evil

Dar-ar-Islam

areas where Islam is practiced

The rightly guided caliphs

first four caliphs, all muhammeds relatives

Shari’ah laws

laws of Islam the first 4 caliphs used to govern the empire

People of the book

Jews & Christians

Umayyad Empire

661 c.e. after Ali, the 4th Caliph died → leads to civil war for control of the empire. The clan that came to power started the Ummayed empire lead to division.

Sunni

Muslims who accepted the rule of the Ummayed Empire and believe the caliphs should follow Muhhamads example, but don’t have to be related.

Shi’a

rejected the Umayyads, believed the caliph must be directly related to Muhhamads bloodline

Abbasid Empire

Overthrew the Umayyads, expanded Islamic empire the greatest amount, strongcentral government, lots of merchants, trade lead to golden age

During the golden age of the Islamic empire, where did Muslims make achievements in?

Science, math, medicine, and architecture

Whic dynasty ruled during the golden age?

Abbasids

Why were merchants honored in Muslim culture?

They were seen as Gods trusted servants, since Muhammed is also a merchant

What else did Muslims create economically

partnerships, credit, banks, and a system of accounting

What were some of the Muslims manufactured goods?

Steel swords, leather goods, cotton textiles, and carpets

could you move up socially in Muslim culture?

Yes - social mobility, by achievements

Baghdad

center of Muslim learning

Ibn Khaldun

Arab philosopher, stressed that economics and social structure were the cause of historical events and warned against historical bias

Al-Khwarizmi

Father of algebra

Muhammed Al-Razi

Head physician at Baghdad hospital, stressed treating body AND mind

Ibn Sina

Persian physician who wrote the canon of medicine

Cordoba Spain

Islamic artistic reinassance

What caused the end of the golden age?

Mongohl invasion leading to the collapse of the abbasid empire