Electricity and Magnetism-8

Law of Electric Charges

States that like charges repel and opposite charges attract

Electrons

Subatomic particles which orbit the nucleus of an atom and are negatively charged

Electrons location

Found in the outside of the nucleus (Electron Cloud)

Electric Force

The force between charged objects

Factors of determining strength of electrical force

Size and Distance of the charges

Conductor(electrical)

Materials in which charges can move easily

Insulator(electrical)

Materials in which charges cannot move easily

Static Electricity

The built up of electrical charges on an object

Electric Discharge

The loss of static electricity as charges move off an object

Cell

A device that produces an electrical current by converting chemical energy into electrical energy

Battery

A device made up of several cells

Current

The rate at which charge passes a given point (I)

Resistance

The opposition to the flow of electric charge (R) (Ex. Insulators)

Electric power

The rate at which electrical energy is used to do work

Circuit

A complete, closed path through which electric charges flow

Unit for current

Ampere(A)

Voltage

The amount of energy released as a charge moves between 2 points in the path of a current Volts (V)

Unit for power

Watts

Magnet

Any material that attracts iron or materials containing iron

Splitting a magnet

Two new magnets with the same properties as the original magnet. (N-S N-S)

Magnetic Poles

Parts of a magnet where the magnetic effects are the strongest

Magnetic Field

Exists in the region around a magnet in which magnetic forces can act (Magnetic force is strongest at the poles)

Electromagnetism

Interaction between electricity and magnetism

Electromagnet

a magnet that consists of a coil of wire (solenoid) wrapped around an iron core

Electric Motor

a device that changes electrical energy into kinetic energy

Voltage V

The push of electrons (Volts)

Current I

The rate of flow of electrons (Amps)

Resistance R

The ease of flow of electrons (Ohms)

Ohm's Law

V=IR

Generator

a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

Semiconductors

Best conductors and have the least resistance (metalloids)

Diode

A device that permits current to flow through it in only one direction.

Electromagnetic induction

the process of generating a current by moving an electrical conductor relative to a magnetic field