Chem 40A Midterm 1

alkane

single bonds, sp^3 carbons

alkene

double bond,sp2 carbons

alkyne

triple bond,sp carbons

aromatic

contains a benzene ring

alcohol

R-OH,only sp3 hybridized carbons

thioalcohol (thiol)

R-SH,only sp3 hybridized carbons

ester

RCOOR,only sp3 hybridized carbons

sulfide

R-S-R,only sp3 hybridized carbons

phenol

only sp3 hybridized carbons

aldehyde

RCHO,only sp2 hybridized carbons

ketone

RCOR,only sp2 hybridized carbons

amide

RCONH2, RCONHR, RCONHR2

amine

RNH2, RNHR, R3N

ether

C-O-C

methyl

CH3

ethyl

CH3CH2

n-propyl

CH3CH2CH2

n-butyl

CH3CH2CH2CH2

tert-butyl

iso propyl

on the second carbon

isobutane

butane, on second C

methane

1 Carbon

ethane

2 carbon

propane

3 carbon

butane

4 carbon

pentane

5 carbon

hexane

6 carbon

heptane

7 carbon

octane

8 carbon

nonane

9 carbon

decane

10 carbon

Monovalent

1 bond (w/ lone pairs)

Monovalent Atoms

H,F,Cl

Divalent

2 bonds (w/ lone pairs)

Divalent Atoms

O

Trivalent

3 bonds (w/lone pairs)

Trivalent Atoms

N

Tetravalent

4 bonds (w/o lone pairs)

Tetravalent Atoms

C