Evolution of Healthcare and Radiologic History Worksheet.docx

Prehistoric and Ancient Medicine

Believed disease was caused by sin, with an emphasis on anatomy, physiology, diet, massage, and drugs.

Ancient Egyptians

Associated deities with health, illness, and death; embalming practices contributed to anatomical knowledge.

Ancient India

Believed in a cycle of creation, preservation, and destruction; religion supported rational secular medicine.

Ancient China

Focused on disease prevention, developed five treatment methods, and smallpox inoculation.

Ancient Greece

Established healing temples; believed basic elements in life were water and other elements.

Christianity

Constantine founded a hospital in the 4th century; disease spread through crusades.

Renaissance

A flourishing period in medicine; Ambroise Pare advanced clinical surgery.

17th Century

William Harvey discovered blood circulation; advancements in temperature measurement and microscopy.

18th Century

Von Haller linked brain cortex to peripheral nerves; Edward Jenner developed smallpox vaccination.

19th Century

Focus on autopsies; Virchow's cell theory; Lister's discovery of bacteria's role in infection.

20th Century

Walter Reed discovered yellow fever; advancements in artificial kidneys and polio elimination.

21st Century

Innovations in robot surgeries, genetics, and mapping the heart's electrical system.

Mortality

Death rate.

Morbidity

Occurrence of disease or conditions.

Epidemic

Widespread disease within a specific geographical area.

Pandemic

Infectious disease of global proportions that crosses boundaries.

Life Expectancy (Males)

76.1 years.

Life Expectancy (Females)

81.1 years.

Causes of Death (Ages 1-44)

Accidents.

Causes of Death (Ages 45-64)

Cancer.

Causes of Death (Ages over 65)

Heart disease.

Wilhelm Roentgen

Discovered X-rays on November 8, 1895.

First Human Radiograph

Received by Wilhelm Roentgen's wife, Anna Bertha Rontgen.

Thomas Edison

Credited with discovering the fluoroscope.

Clarence Madison Dally

Edison's assistant who suffered from radiation exposure, leading to his death.

Marie and Pierre Curie

Researched radioactivity and developed mobile radiography equipment for the French military.

Digital Radiography

Two types are Computed Radiography and Direct Radiography.

Ernest Lawrence

Invented the cyclotron.

Godfrey Hounsfield

Founder of Computed Assisted Tomography (CT).

MRI Development

Established by Raymond Vahan Damadian, Paul Christian Lauterbur, and Sir Peter Mansfield in 1977.