AP Chemistry Nomenclature Reference Sheet - Vocabulary Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering monatomic cations and anions, common polyatomic ions, molecular elements, and basic acid-naming rules as listed in the notes.

Ammonium

NH_{4}^{+} | A positively charged polyatomic ion (cation) formed from ammonia, with a +1 charge.

Cyanide

CN^{-} | A polyatomic anion composed of carbon and nitrogen, carrying a −1 charge.

Carbonate

CO_{3}^{2-} | A polyatomic anion composed of one carbon and three oxygen atoms, carrying a −2 charge.

Hydroxide

OH^{-} | A diatomic polyatomic anion composed of one oxygen and one hydrogen atom, with a −1 charge.

Permanganate

MnO_{4}^{-} | A polyatomic anion containing manganese and oxygen, known for its strong oxidizing properties, with a −1 charge.

Sulfate

SO_{4}^{2-} | A polyatomic anion composed of one sulfur and four oxygen atoms, carrying a −2 charge.

Bicarbonate (Hydrogen Carbonate)

HCO_{3}^{-} | A polyatomic anion formed when carbonic acid loses one proton, with a −1 charge.

Sulfite

SO_{3}^{2-} | A polyatomic anion containing sulfur and oxygen, often used as a reducing agent, with a −2 charge.

Thiocyanate

SCN^{-} | A polyatomic anion composed of sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen, carrying a −1 charge.

Perchlorate

ClO_{4}^{-} | A polyatomic anion containing chlorine in its highest oxidation state, with a −1 charge.

Chromate

CrO_{4}^{2-} | A polyatomic anion containing chromium and oxygen, typically yellow in color, carrying a −2 charge.

Chlorate

ClO_{3}^{-} | A polyatomic anion containing chlorine and oxygen, with a −1 charge.

Dichromate

Cr{2}O{7}^{2-} | A polyatomic anion containing two chromium atoms and seven oxygen atoms, typically orange in color, carrying a −2 charge.

Chlorite

ClO_{2}^{-} | A polyatomic anion containing chlorine and oxygen, with a −1 charge.

Hypochlorite

ClO^{-} | A polyatomic anion containing chlorine and oxygen, commonly found in bleach, with a −1 charge.

Nitrate

NO_{3}^{-} | A polyatomic anion composed of one nitrogen and three oxygen atoms, carrying a −1 charge.

Silicate

SiO_{3}^{2-} | A polyatomic anion composed of silicon and oxygen, a fundamental component of many minerals, with a −2 charge.

Nitrite

NO_{2}^{-} | A polyatomic anion composed of one nitrogen and two oxygen atoms, carrying a −1 charge.

Oxalate

C{2}O{4}^{2-} | A polyatomic anion derived from oxalic acid, containing two carbon and four oxygen atoms, carrying a −2 charge.

Thiosulfate

S{2}O{3}^{2-} | A polyatomic anion containing two sulfur and three oxygen atoms, often used in photography, carrying a −2 charge.

Phosphate

PO_{4}^{3-} | A polyatomic anion composed of one phosphorus and four oxygen atoms, essential in biological systems, carrying a −3 charge.