APWH Strayer Chapter 10 Vocabulary

Nubian Christianity

Several kingdoms of Nubia Christian church thrived for 600. It largely disappeared because of the conversion to Islam.

Jesus Sutras

Scrolls that blend Christianity w/ Buddhism and Taoism. Products of Nestorian Christians in China. Sutras articulate the Christian message using Buddhist and Daoist concepts.

Ethiopian Christianity

(4th century) The orthodox and indigenous version of christianity.  Conversion of rulers in Axum (highlands of Ethiopia). More resilient that other early Christian church. It was largely cut off from other parts of Christendom because of its distinctive traits differed from ither Christian churches.

Byzantine Empire

(aka Eastern Roman Empire) Surviving Eastern Roman Empire (on the site of new capital: Constantinople). Eastern Power with Eastern Orthodox Christianity (the power transfer to the East). Where scholars, technology, and more was promoted. Empire ended when Ottoman army conquered Constantinople.

Constantinople

Capital in Eastern Roman Empire. New capital of eastern half of Roman Empire. Highly defensible and economically important site helped assure city's cultural and strategic importance.

Caesaropapism

idea that a ruler is supreme over state and church. Political and religious system in which the secular ruler is also the head of the religious establishment (Byzantine Empire). Allowed the Emperor to be head of state (Caeser) and head of the church (Pope). He was all powerful.

Eastern Orthodox Christianity

One of the three branches (Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholicism, & Protestantism) of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire. The subordinate of the church of political authority (married clergy, beard, and ultimate authority in belief).

Icons

Holy images venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church. It caused conflicts between Christian sects. Icons vs. no Icons.

Kievan Rus

A medieval State that emerged around the city of Kiev (9th century). A culturally diverse region with Vikings, Finnic, and Baltic peoples. It became part of the Eastern Orthodox.

Charlemagne

aka Charles the great, Frankish King and unified western and central Europe. He was the first Holy Roman Emperor. Laid the foundation of medieval European politics and culture. The ruler of the Carolingian Empire (768 - 814 CE). Staged an imperial revival in Western Europe. He was also crowned Holy Emperor by the Pope. He expanded the empire and broke the "dark ages" of Europe.

Holy Roman Empire

multi-ethnic, decentralized political entity in central Europe.  Describes the Germanic-based empire founded by Otto I in 962. The revival of Frankish Empire (Charlemagne emperor). It was a multi-ethnic European super-state.

Roman Catholic Church

The largest Christian church led by the pope in Vatican City. Also, the pope is the bishop of Rome. Western European branch of Christianity (separate from the Eastern Orthodox). The religious power in the West with the Pope and Bishops. With the Pope as the authority in matters of doctrine (called for crusades).

Western Christendom

refers to the collective religious body of Christianity in the Western World/Western Europe. West European branch of Christianity. It was separate from Eastern Orthodox with a major break that still isn't healed.

Crusades

War between Muslims and Christians for the Holy Land aka Jerusalem. Religious motivation.

Cecilia Penifader

Illiterate peasant woman from English village. Owned and managed her own estate. Provided a way to look into the conditions of ordinary rural people even though her life was more independent and prosperous than most.