IB business 2.4

what is motivation

the reason why a human does somtehtug

what are the two categories of motivation

intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation

what is intrinsic motivation

it is when they engage because there is a reward or pleasure associated with the activity itself

what is extrinsic motivation

a person engages with an activity because there is a reward associated with the activity

what are the three theories for understanding motivation

Taylor’s scientific management theory

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory

Herzberg’s two factor theory

what is the Taylor’s scientific management theory

it is a theory where he wrote that work could be studied scientifically by breaking down a task into steps. when the most efficient method for executing the steps was found, a worker could be trained appropriately. Then, workers should be monitored closely and given incentives for increased prodictivities

why did Taylor develop his theory in context

he studied manual labor, so his theories were developed in the context of hard work

what from Taylor’s theories are still present today

things like price-rate wage

what are some limitations of Taylor’s theory

it is not vary valid because nowadays, work has become more complex and many people need to be creative, think collaboratively, and etc… offering financial rewards has been shown to have limited effectiveness and can be harmful to motivation and productivity

what is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

it claims that people have different needs and some need to be satisfied before others can be met

what are the 3 categories in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

basic needs (bottom)

psychological needs

self-fulfilment needs (top)

why is it good for a business to apply Maslow’s hierarchal theory of needs

understanding the needs of an employee means that business can ensure the basic needs of employees are met which means it is more likely the employees will meet their other needs. this can motivate employees and improve their productivity

what is a limitation of Maslow’s theory

some studies show that needs are not fixed in a hierarchy like how it is possible for people to feel belonging and loved without them having all basic needs

what is Herzberg’s two factor theory

it is a theory that suggests that there are factors that cause job dissatisfaction called hygiene factors

and there are factors that improve satisfaction called motivators

his idea is that there are different reasons for job dissatisfaction and job satisfaction, so eliminating dissatisfaction will not cause satisfaction

why is Herzberg’s theory useful

it works well with a democratic leadership style, where an employee is involved in the business’s decision making and allowed oppurtunities for empowerment

what are the 2 types of rewards

financial rewards

non-financial rewards

what are financial rewards

they involve monetary compensation for work

what are some examples of financial rewards

salary

wages

commission

performance related pay

profit related pay

employee share ownership

fringe payments

what are fringe payments

they are rewards given to the employee in addition to their pay and may include benefits such as a company car, housing, school allowance etc. it depends on their position

what are employee share ownership

employees are given shares in the company as a reward, or they are given the oppurtunity to buy shares at a discounted price, it is often used by startups

what is profit-related pay

employees receive a percentage of the profit a company makes, usually once a year and can increase loyalty

what is performance related pay

employees receive a bonus in addition to their usual pay. it is based on performance and usually involves a predetermined goal

what is commission

sales people are paid a percentage of the total they sell

what is wage

it can be two ways, by time or by piece work. by time is when they are paid based off of the number of hours they work and usually overtime hours result in more pay. by piece means that it is based on the number of units or pieces they make or complete

what is salary

a monetary payment for work over a period of time in equal instalments. no matter how long it takes to do the job, they are paid the same amount. But, overtime work may get paid extra if it in the contract

what are non-financial rewards

methods of recognizing employee efforts and improving motivation through improved job design

What are the types of non0financial rewards

job enrichment

job rotation

teamwork

purpose

empowerment

job enlargement

what is job enrichment

it is when employees’ jobs are redesigned to be more complex so they are more challenging for the emplyee

what is job rotation

when employees change jobs for a period of time in order to learn a new task within a work process or within a business

what is job enlargement

it is when additional tasks are added to an employees description that are on the same level as their current skill set. it increases variety

what is empowerment

giving employees greater responsibility in choosing how to perform their job and making decisions in the workplace. it adds trust and a sense of accomplishment

purpose

when employees seek to make a positive contribution with their work for greater good, which can improve intrinsic motivation

what is teamwork

it is when a group of employees work together to further the business or solve a problem

what is training

it is teaching employees new skills or improving the skills they already have

why is training important 7

it can help employees be more productive

they will be able to use more technology

they will experience fewer accidents reducing cost

they are able to meet customer needs better

they will feel more valued and motivated

being trained increases the chance they are promoted

they increase resilience

what is off-the-job training

it is training that involves training employees offsite, usually by an outside party, but the issue is that it is not really closely related to their job usually

what are the two types of training

on the job

off the job

what is on the job training

it is conducted while the employee continues to work without leaving the workplace

what are the different types of on the job training

induction

coaching

mentoring

job rotation

apprenticeship

in-house courses

what is induction

it is the training given to new employees when they start working in the organization, it introduces the business, their roles, the policies etc. it makes it easier for employees to adapt

what is coaching

it is when a supervisor guides the employee through the use of equipment or the process and they perform it and receive feedback

what is mentoring

it is when an employee is paired with a more experienced worker and the employee carries out the job but can ask the mentor for help

what is job rotation

it is when an employee works at different positions for a bit of time in order for them to understand the big picture of the organization, helping them be able to be more motivated and have wider skill set that can be used at work

what is apprenticeship

it is when a worker works under the supervision of someone for a long time and may also attend regular outside education

what is in-house courses

it is when a business organizes its own training course staffed by its own workers. Or, other people deliver training in person or online

what are off the job training examples

lectures and confrences

vestibule training

simulators

what are lectures and conferences

they involve verbal and visual presentations for large audiences and this is often used in colleges and universities

what is vestibule training

it is when employees are trained in a prototype environment near the workplace, which replicates the working conditions as closely as possible

what are simulators

they involve specializes equipment that simulates the working environment as closely as possibe

what is purpose

When the employee seeks to make a positive contribution with their work for the greater good; considered a non-financial motivator.