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Western music
The music tradition that originated in Western Europe and is characterized by the use of specific scales, harmonies, and tuning systems.
Big Bang temperament
A tuning system used in Western music that involves equal temperament, which is the division of the octave into 12 equal intervals.
Equal temperament
A tuning system in which the octave is divided into 12 equal intervals, allowing for flexibility in playing music in different keys.
Pythagoras
An ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher who made significant contributions to the understanding of music and harmony.
Natural harmonics
The overtones or harmonics produced by a vibrating object, such as a metal bar, that create additional notes related to the fundamental frequency.
Octaves
Intervals between two notes that have a frequency ratio of 2:1, resulting in a doubling or halving of the pitch.
Pythagorean scale
A musical scale created by Pythagoras through the division of metal into simple ratios, forming a spiral of notes.
Pythagorean comma
A small but significant discrepancy in pitch that occurs when the Pythagorean scale is used, leading to dissonance and the need for adjustments in tuning.
Eight-note scale
The basic scale derived from the Pythagorean scale, consisting of the first seven notes of the spiral and the original note.
Church music
Music composed and performed within a religious context, often characterized by its sacred and devotional nature.
Harmonies
The combination of different notes played simultaneously to create a pleasing and balanced sound.
Secular music
Music that is not religious or sacred in nature, often associated with popular or folk traditions.
Musical monks
Monks who were involved in the composition and performance of music within religious settings, particularly in the medieval period.
Sacred music
Music that is religious or spiritual in nature, often performed in religious ceremonies or services.
Perfection
The state of being flawless or without any faults or defects.
God's creation
The world and everything in it, believed to be created by God.
Impure ratios
Note combinations that are derived from ratios that are considered unnatural or unwholesome.
Heresy
The act of going against or challenging established religious beliefs or doctrines.
Chords
Three or more notes played together to create harmony.
Sixths
Intervals in music that span six notes.
John Dunstable
An influential English composer in the early 15th century known for his experimentation with harmonies and dissonances.
Astrological
Relating to astrology, the study of the movements and positions of celestial bodies and their influence on human affairs.
Manuscript
A handwritten or typed document, in this case, containing Dunstable's compositions.
Constellations
Groups of stars that form recognizable patterns or shapes.
Canterbury Cathedral
A famous cathedral in Canterbury, England, where Dunstable's composition "Sancti Spiritus" was first performed in 1416.
Harmony
The combination of different musical notes played together to create a pleasing sound.
Rhythm
The pattern of beats or accents in music.
Revolutionary
A person or thing that brings about a significant change or revolution.
Continental composers
Composers from mainland Europe, particularly France, who were influenced by Dunstable's style and techniques.
Thirds and sixths
Intervals in music that span three or six notes, respectively.
Mathematics
The study of numbers, quantities, and shapes, often used in music theory to understand relationships between notes and harmonies.
Comma
A small interval in music that can cause tuning difficulties when combining different keys or harmonies.
Keys
A set of notes that form the basis of a musical composition or piece.
Temperament
A tuning system that allows for playing in different keys on a single instrument.
Equal temperament
A tuning system that divides the octave into 12 exactly equal parts, allowing for all keys to be played on the same instrument.
Johann Sebastian Bach
A famous German composer who played a significant role in the development of equal temperament and composed "The Well-Tempered Keyboard," a collection of 48 preludes and fugues.
Well-tempered keyboard
A keyboard that can play all the keys and scales harmoniously, revolutionizing classical music in Europe.
Equal temperament
A tuning system based on the 12th root of two, allowing for precise and universal tuning of instruments.
Accordion
An instrument invented in 1830 that played a crucial role in spreading equal temperament throughout Europe.
Ethnic tuning systems
Traditional tuning systems used in various cultures, which were gradually replaced by equal temperament.
Chinese music
Traditional Chinese music that still maintains a strong connection to nature and uses the pentatonic scale.
Note
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