Ch. 1 Intro to Human Anatomy Test Review

Body cavities, Planes, systems, and, directional terms

Axial Portion

Includes cranial cavity, and spinal cavity

Cranial Cavity

Includes the brain

Spinal Cavity

Includes the Spinal Cord

Cranial Cavity + Spinal cavity

Dorsal Body cavity

Thoracic Cavity

Includes the Heart and Lungs

Abdominal cavity

Viscera of digestion and the spleen

Pelvic Cavity

End of Large indigestion, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs

Abdominal + Pelvic Cavities

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Thoracic Cavity + abdominopelvic Cavity

Ventral body cavity

Diaphragm

Broad, thin muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Oral Cavity

Includes the mouth, teeth, and tongue

Nasal Cavity

Includes inside the nose, divided into left and right portions by nasal septum: contains sinuses

Orbital Cavity

Includes eyes, eyes nerves, and eye muscles

Middle Ear Cavity

Includes middle ear bones

Integumentary System

• Forms external body covering(skin)

• Protects deeper tissue from injury

• Helps regulate body temperature

• Location of cutaneous nerve receptators

Skeletal System

• Protects and supports body organs

• Provides muscle attachment points for movement

• Side of Blood cell formation

• Stores Minerals

Muscular system

• Provides movement

• Maintains posture

• Produces heat

Nervous system

• Fast acting control system

• Responds to internal and external changes

• Activates muscles and glands

Endocrine System

• Secretes regulatory hormones

  • growth

  • Reproduction

  • Metabolism

Cardiovascular System

Transports materials in body via blood pumped by the heart

• Oxygen

• Carbon Dioxide

• Nutrients

• Waste

Lymphatic system

• Returns fluids to blood vessels

• Cleanses the blood

• involved in immunity

Respiratory System

• Keeps blood supplied with oxygen

• Removes carbon dioxide

Digestive system

• Breaks down food

• Allows for nutrient absorption into blood

• Eliminated indigestible material

Urinary system

• Eliminates nitrogenous waste

• Maintains acid-based balance

• Regulates water and electrolytes

Reproductive system

• Producing offspring

Levels of organization

1. Chemicals

   1. Atoms

   2. Molecules

   3. Macro-molecules

2. Organelles

3. Cells

4. Tissues

5. Organs

6. Organ systems

7. Organisms

Transverse plane

Divides the body into superior(higher) and inferior(lower) sections

Frontal(coronal) plane

Divides the body into anterior(front) and Posterior(back) sections

Sagittal plane

Divides the body into right and left lateral sections(If on the midline of the body: Midsagittal or medial)

Anterior

Toward the front of the body

Posterior

Toward the back of the body

Lateral

Toward the sides of the body

Medial

Toward the mid-line of the body

Superior(cranial)

Toward the head(Higher up)

Inferior(caudal)

Toward the bottom of the feet(Lower)

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment of a limb(Closer to the trunk of the body)

Distal

Further away from the point of attachment of a limb(Further away from the truck of the body)

Superficial

Toward the surface of the body

Deep

Further away from the surface of the body

Intermediate

Between a more medial and more later body part