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Lenin's Death
Jan 1924
Power Vacuum
Created after Lenin's death due to the absence of a clear leader.
Collective Leadership
According to Marxist-Leninist ideology, leadership should be shared among a group.
Problems with Collective Leadership
Lack of a clear leader, dominance of one figure, and absence of a leader selection process.
Disagreements in the Party
collective leadership v leader
NEP
Permanent rev v Soc in 1 country
Triumvirate Formation
After Lenin's stroke in 1922, Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Stalin formed a counterbalance to Trotsky.
Stalin's Character
Violent, hardworking, and knowledgeable about party machinery.
Trotsky's Strengths
Organizational skills, ideological prowess, and oratory abilities.
Trotsky's Weaknesses
Arrogance, bouts of inaction, and lack of a power base.
Bukharin's Strengths
Popular, intellectual, and expert in economics.
Bukharin's Weaknesses
Lack of a power base, underestimation of Stalin, and tactical errors.
Stalin's Rise
Utilized his position, created a cult of Leninism, and gained strong support.
Stalin's Supporters
Molotov, Kaganovich, Voroshilov, and Kirov.
Stalin's Dictatorship
Established in December 1929.
Great Turn
Shift in economic policy towards rapid industrialization and collectivization in 1927-1929.
Treaty of Berlin
An agreement that included terms such as no economic boycotts, no aggression against each other, and financial credits for the USSR from German banks.
Comintern
An international organization promoting world communism.
Despite a brilliant speech, Trotsky was outvoted by Stalin's delegates and was unwilling to cause factions in the party.
13th Party Congress 1924
Stalin easily defeated a motion of no confidence in him by Kamenev and Zinoviev, which also called for the end of NEP and harsher treatment of peasants.
14th Party Congress 1925
6th Comintern Congress
Held in July 1928, where Stalin's view shifted to a more aggressive stance, advocating for a world revolution and tightening Soviet control over the Comintern.