APUSH Unit 2

Salutary Neglect

__ is the British policy of loosely enforcing trade laws in the American colonies from the 1690s to the 1760s, allowing for colonial autonomy.

Mercantilism

__ is the economic theory that colonies exist to supply the mother country with raw materials and serve as a market for manufactured goods.

French and Indian War

During the ___, also known as the Seven Years’ War (1754–1763), Britain won, but the resulting massive debt led Britain to end Salutary Neglect and impose new taxes.

Albany Congress

The __ (1754) was a meeting where delegates discussed defense; Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of Union (for unified colonial government) was proposed but rejected.

Proclamation of 1763

The __, issued by King George III, prevents all settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to prevent conflict with Native Americans. This angered colonists.

Sugar Act

The (1764) __ lowered the tax on molasses but increased enforcement to raise revenue and crack down on smuggling.

Currency Act

The (1764) __ banned the colonies from printing their own paper money, causing economic hardship.

Stamp Act

The (1765) __ required a tax stamp on all printed materials (newspapers, legal documents). First direct tax; Led to protests and boycotts.

Townshend Acts

The (1767) __ imposed duties on imported goods like lead, glass, paper, and tea. Led to boycotts and the Boston Massacre.

Tea Act

The (1773) __ granted the East India Company a monopoly on tea sales; Colonists viewed it as a trick to enforce taxation, leading to the Boston Tea Party.

Intolerable Acts

The (1774) __, also known as the Coercive Acts, passed in response to the Tea Party. Closed Boston Harbor, curtailed Massachusetts' self-governance, and expanded the Quartering Act.

Quartering Act

The (1765/1774) __ required colonial governments to provide barracks and supplies for British troops.

1st Continental

In 1774, the __ Congress met in response to the Intolerable Acts; called for a full boycott of all British goods and preparation of local militias.

2nd Continental

The (1775-1781) __ Congress acted as the de-facto government, created the Continental Army, and drafted and adopted the Declaration of Independence.

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

The __ were grassroots organizations that protested British taxation. Daughters promoted non-importation by making homespun cloth.

Boston Massacre

On March 5, 1770, British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing five. Highly publicized as an atrocity, known as the __.

Boston Tea Party

On December 16, 1773, a protest against the Tea Act where Sons of Liberty, dressed as Indians, dumped British tea into Boston Harbor, known as the __.

Common Sense

In January 1776, a widely influential pamphlet by Thomas Paine, called the __, argued forcefully for American independence and a republican government.

Olive Branch Petition

On July 1775, a final, futile attempt by the 2nd Continental Congress to avoid war was sent to Britain, affirming loyalty to the King, called the __. It was Rejected.

Declaration of Independence

On July 4, 1776, the __, primarily authored by Thomas Jefferson, formally declared separation based on natural rights and popular sovereignty.

Lexington and Concord

(April 1775) The first military engagements of the Revolutionary War, known as the Battles of __, marked the start of armed conflict.

Bunker Hill

(June 1775) __ was a costly British victory that demonstrated the Patriots' fierce resolve.

__ were colonists that supported the crown

Loyalists

__ were colonists that supposed independence, also known as rebels.

Patriots

British Regular Army Advantages: strongest army/__ in the world, unlimited $$ and __, and the ability to hire__.

navy; resources; mercenaries

British Regular Army Disadvantages: far away, supply lines were __, poor military __, __ climate and terrain, and __ public opinion

inconsistent; leadership; unfamiliar; divided

Continental Army Advantages: fighting a __ war, __ leadership (George Washington), and __ terrain and climate.

defensive; strong; familiar

Continental Army Disadvantages: No __ for weapons, food, uniforms , or supplies; military was __; __central government

money; untrained; weak

Valley Forge

(Winter 1777-1778) The harsh winter encampment, known as __, where the Continental Army suffered but trained under Baron von Steuben.

Battles of Saratoga

The __ were a decisive Patriot victory; the turning point of the war because it convinced France to enter the alliance.

Franco-American Alliance

The __ was a treaty between the U.S. and France providing critical military aid, including a powerful navy.

Battle of Yorktown

The final major battle was the __ which was a combined American and French force that forced the surrender of British General Cornwallis.

Treaty of Paris

The __ officially ended the Revolutionary War. Great Britain recognized American independence and granted territory east of the Mississippi.

Enslaved

__ people fought on both sides of the Revolutionary War (often for promises of freedom). War led to gradual emancipation laws in several northern states.

Women during the revolution farms/businesses, served as , cooks, and spies, and organized __ (Daughters of Liberty).

managed; nurses; boycotts

Republican Motherhood

__ was the post-Revolutionary ideal that women were the primary educators of virtuous, patriotic citizens to sustain the new republic.

Abigail Adams

__ was the wife of John Adams, famous for urging her husband to "Remember the Ladies" when forming the new government to protect women's rights.