4.2 attitudes

Attitudes

evaluations of ideas, events, objects, or people

explicit attitudes

attitudes that are conscious deliverste self reported

implicit attitudes

attitudes that are unconscious automatic and indirectly measured.

Ethnocentrism

belief in the superiority of one's ethnic or cultural group

stereotype threat

individuals, fearing they will confirm negative stereotypes about their group, experience anxiety and reduced performance in specific situations.

post-decision dissonance

dissonance aroused after making a decision, typically reduced by enhancing the attractiveness of the chosen alternative and devaluating the rejected alternatives

the cheating pyramid

Imagine two students taking an exam. Both are tempted to cheat. Initially, their attitudes toward cheating are almost identical, but then one impulsively cheats and the other does not. Their attitudes will then undergo predictable changes.

belief perseverance

clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

door in the face

start with a large request then offer a smaller one

scarcity

suggesting something is limited or time sensitive to increase desire

group polarization

tendency of group members to move to an extreme position after discussing an issue as a group

Groupthink

a phenomenon where group cohesion and conformity pressures suppress dissent and critical analysis, leading to poor decisions.