StemUp: AQA A level Biology 3.8.3 Using genome projects

What have sequencing projects accomplished? (2)

- Have read the genomes of a range of organisms

- Such as through initiatives like The Human Genome Project

How were sequencing projects conducted in the past? (2)

- Labour-intensive, expensive

- Can only be done on a small scale

How have sequencing projects changed with modern technology? (2)

- Use automated processes that are more cost-effective

- Can be conducted on a large scale

Why is sequencing the genome of simpler organisms beneficial? (3)

- Allows for the assignment of proteins to each gene

- Creating a database called the proteome

- Easier due to less non-coding DNA

What advantage does the lower amount of non-coding DNA in simpler organisms provide? (1)

Makes genome sequencing and protein assignment easier

How can identifying antigens on the surface of viruses and pathogenic bacteria be useful? (1)

Can help in the development of vaccines

Why is translating genome knowledge into the proteome challenging in complex organisms? (2)

- Due to the presence of non-coding DNA and regulatory genes

- That control when specific genes are switched on and off

What was the goal of the Human Genome Project? (1)

To determine the sequence of bases in the human genome