Medical Assisting: Administrative & Clinical Competencies, 9th Edition - Lecture Review

A set of flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on the anatomy and physiology of the human body, relevant for exam preparation.

What are the main objectives in understanding the human body's structure and function?

To spell and define key vocabulary, identify various systems, describe structural organization, and anatomical terms.

What is anatomy?

The study of the physical structure of the body and its organs.

What is physiology?

The science of the function of cells, tissues, and organs of the body.

What are anatomic directional terms?

Terms used to describe locations and relationships of body parts in a standard position.

What are the two main body cavities?

Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal).

What does the diaphragm do?

It separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

What is homeostasis?

A stable condition of the internal environment when all organs and tissues are performing appropriate tasks.

What is a dominant gene?

A gene that can produce a trait without regard to the nature of its pair member.

What is the basic building block of the human body?

The cell.

What process allows molecules to move through a cell membrane from low to high concentration?

Active transport.

What is cleft lip?

A structural defect in the upper lip due to failure of tissue to unite during gestation.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

What is cystic fibrosis?

A genetic condition affecting multiple systems, characterized by dysfunction of exocrine glands.

What is Klinefelter’s Syndrome?

A sex-linked disorder caused by one or more extra X chromosomes, affecting males.

Define genetic mutation.

A change in the genetic code resulting from lost, rearranged, or incorrectly paired DNA.

What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project?

To identify the chemical sequence of human DNA that contains the basic information for the human body.

What are the four main types of body tissues?

Epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle.

What is involved in the six processes of passing molecules through cell membranes?

Diffusion, osmosis, filtration, active transport, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis.

What is the role of organelles in a cell?

Organelles perform specific functions and separate incompatible chemical reactions.

What can cause a trait to be expressed as multifactorial?

The combined influence of multiple genes and environmental factors.

What is Turner’s Syndrome?

A sex-linked defect affecting females, leading to the absence of one X chromosome.