org chem lab midterm

What is the purpose of column chromatography?

To separate and purify individual components of a mixture based on their different affinities for the stationary phase.

What are the advantages of column chromatography?

It is capable of handling large sample sizes and can be easily scaled up for industrial purposes.

What are the disadvantages of column chromatography?

It can be time-consuming and requires a significant amount of solvent.

What is the purpose of thin layer chromatography (TLC)?

To separate and analyze small amounts of compounds using a thin layer of adsorbent material on a flat support.

What are the advantages of thin layer chromatography (TLC)?

It is quick, requires small amounts of sample and can be used to analyze multiple samples simultaneously.

What are the disadvantages of thin layer chromatography (TLC)?

It has lower resolution compared to column chromatography and can be less accurate.

What are the results and discussion of column chromatography?

The separated components can be analyzed for purity and identity, and the efficiency of the separation can be evaluated.

What are the results and discussion of thin layer chromatography (TLC)?

The Rf values of the separated compounds can be calculated and used for identification and comparison.

What are the types of chromatography used for solid-liquid phase separation?

Column and TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography).

Which types of chromatography are used for liquid-liquid phase separation?

Paper and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

What is the phase separation for Vapor-Phase Chromatography?

Gas-liquid phase.

What is elution in column chromatography?

The washing of materials inside the column.

What is an advantage of column chromatography?

All kinds of mixtures can be separated.

What is a disadvantage of column chromatography?

It is time-consuming and requires more amount of solvent.

What is the Rf value used for in thin layer chromatography?

Identification of compounds.

What is an advantage of thin layer chromatography?

It is simple and convenient to use, and can use different types of solvents.

What is a disadvantage of thin layer chromatography?

The stationary phase is short, and humidity and temperature can affect the result.

What adsorbent was used in the column chromatography?

Silica gel.

Define adsorbent in the context of column chromatography.

A porous material that can suck up liquids and solutions.

What is eluate in the context of column chromatography?

The solution obtained by eluation.

What is eluent in the context of column chromatography?

The portion of the mobile phase that carried the components.

What does TLC stand for in chromatography?

Thin Layer Chromatography.

What is the stationary phase in Thin Layer Chromatography?

A thin layer of adsorbent material on a flat support.

What is the mobile phase in Thin Layer Chromatography?

A solvent or mixture of solvents that moves through the stationary phase.

What is the principle behind Thin Layer Chromatography?

Separation of compounds based on their affinity for the stationary and mobile phases.

What are the advantages of Thin Layer Chromatography?

Quick, inexpensive, and requires small sample amounts.

What are the disadvantages of Thin Layer Chromatography?

Less accurate and less reproducible than other chromatographic methods.

What is the specimen used in the experiment?

Siling Labuyo.

What solvent system was used in the experiment?

DCM-HEXANE.

What is the color of the component with a volume of eluate of 78 drops?

Yellow.

What is the color of the component with a volume of eluate of 210 drops?

Orange.

What is the color of the component with a volume of eluate of 69 drops?

Red.

What does TLC stand for in chromatography?

Thin Layer Chromatography.

What is the Rf value for the yellow component in the TLC table?

0.875.

What is the Rf value for the orange component in the TLC table?

0.25.

What is the Rf value for the red component in the TLC table?

0.3125.

How is the Rf value calculated in thin layer chromatography?

Rf = distance travelled by the compound / distance traveled by the solvent.

What are the pigments found in Siling Labuyo leaves?

Carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and anthocyanin.

Which pigment is the least polar in Siling Labuyo leaves?

Anthocyanin.

What are the pigments present in malunggay leaves?

Xanthophylls, Chlorophyll A, and Chlorophyll B.

Which pigments are most polar in malunggay leaves?

Xanthophylls.

What is paper chromatography used for?

To separate compounds based on liquid-liquid adsorption and solubility.

What is the basis of thin layer chromatography?

Solid-liquid adsorption of molecules.

How does column chromatography separate molecules?

Mainly based on their size, affinity, or charge.

What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography?

The water trapped in the cellulose filter paper.

What serves as the stationary phase in thin layer chromatography?

Glass plates coated with silica gel.

What is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?

Running solvent.

What serves as the mobile phase in thin layer chromatography?

Running solvent.

What is the mobile phase in column chromatography?

Wash buffer.

What determines the movement of components in paper chromatography?

The compound which is more soluble in the stationary phase will travel slower.

How do the components move in TLC and column chromatography?

The components move according to relative affinities.

What determines the movement of components in TLC and column chromatography?

The compound which has less affinity towards the stationary phase travels faster.

What is the principle of separation in paper chromatography?

The principle of separation is partition.

What is the principle of separation in TLC and column chromatography?

The principle of separation is adsorption.

What is the solvent requirement for paper chromatography?

Requires less amount of solvent.

What is the solvent requirement for TLC?

Requires less amount of solvent.

What is the solvent requirement for column chromatography?

Requires more amount of solvent.

What is the basis of comparison for paper chromatography?

Solid-liquid absorption.

What is the basis of comparison for TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography)?

Solid-liquid absorption.

What is the basis of comparison for column chromatography?

Liquid-solid absorption.

What is the sensitivity of detection for paper chromatography?

Less. The spots are easily diffused.

What is the sensitivity of detection for TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography)?

High. The spots are less diffused.

What is the sensitivity of detection for column chromatography?

Less.

Can paper chromatography be evaluated under UV light?

No, it cannot be evaluated under UV.

Can TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) be evaluated under UV light?

Yes, it can be evaluated under UV light.

Can column chromatography be evaluated under UV light?

Yes, it can be evaluated on Ultra-visible (UV) light if the compounds are colorless.

What type of reagents does paper chromatography use?

It does not use strong reagents to identify different components of the mixture.

What type of reagents does TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) use?

It uses strong reagents to identify the different components of the mixture.

What type of reagents does column chromatography use?

It does not use strong reagents to identify different components of the mixture.

What is the title of Experiment 6?

Comparative Investigations of Organic Compounds.

What are the other names for Cyclohexane?

Hexamethylene, hexanaphthene, Benzene, Hexahydride.

What is the molecular weight (MW) of Cyclohexane?

84.162 g/mol.

What is the boiling point (BP) of Cyclohexane?

82.98 °C.

What are the uses of Cyclohexane?

Nonpolar solvent, raw material in making of adipic acid & caprolactam, use in production of nylon.

What are the other names for Dichloromethane?

DCM, Methylene chloride.

What is the molecular weight (MW) of Dichloromethane?

84.93 g/mol.

What is the boiling point (BP) of Dichloromethane?

39.6 °C.

What is the primary use of Dichloromethane?

As a solvent.

What are the other names for Ethanol?

Ethyl alcohol, Grain alcohol, Methylcarbinol, EtOH.

What is the molecular weight of Ethanol?

46.07 g/mol.

What is the boiling point of Ethanol?

78.36 °C.

What are the uses of Ethanol?

Antiseptic, polar solvent, preservative.

What are the other names for Phenol?

Carbolic acid.

What is the molecular weight of Phenol?

94.11 g/mol.

What is the boiling point of Phenol?

181.7 °C.

What are the uses of Phenol?

Precursor to many materials and useful compounds.

What is the other name for Benzoic acid?

Carboxybenzene or Dracylic acid.

What is the molecular weight (MW) of Benzoic acid?

122.12 g/mol.

What is the boiling point (BP) of Benzoic acid?

249.2 °C.

What are the uses of Benzoic acid?

Food preservative and precursor for the synthesis of many organic substances.

What is the other name for Ethyl acetate?

Ethyl ethanoate, EtOAc, or EA.

What is the molecular weight (MW) of Ethyl acetate?

88.11 g/mol.

What is the boiling point (BP) of Ethyl acetate?

77.1 °C.

What are the uses of Ethyl acetate?

Solvent and ingredient in glues and nail polish.

What is the chemical formula for Ethylamine?

CH3CH2NH2.

What are the other names for Ethylamine?

Aminoethane, Ethanamine.

What is the molecular weight of Ethylamine?

45.08 g/mol.

What is the boiling point of Ethylamine?

16.6 °C.

What are the uses of Ethylamine?

Use in chemical industry, use in organic synthesis.

What is the color of cyclohexane?

Colorless.