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Gold Rushes, Bison and religious freedom
what brought people to the west
Mormonism
70k migrants; viewed as suspicious among americans due to polygamy; white supremacists
the Homestead Act
1862
The Indian Wars
Dakota Nation
Andrew Myrick + quote
August 17 — September 23, 1862; Sep 3, 1863
1st Treaty of Fort Laramie
Cheyenne
Sand Creek Massacre
Indian Peace Commission
Board of Indian Commissioners
J. L. Broaddus
the Comanche
the Red River War
Treaty of 1863
the Great Sioux Reservation
Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer
the Long Walk + Bosque Redondo
General James Carlton ordered for the Navajo population to be rounded up and forced to walk to _____ _______, shooting anyone who resisted, between August 1863 to December of 1866; unnecessarily bad conditions led thousands of Navajo to die
The Treaty of Bosque Redondo
General William T. Sherman recommended the Navajo be sent back home due to cost-ineffectiveness (and inhumane treatment); signed June 1, 1868
The Modoc people
left their reservation in 1872 to return to Lost River; fought a guerrilla war for 11 months killing 200 US troops before their forced surrender; led by Kintpuash who was later publicly hung
The Nez Perce
Lewis and Clark; refused to relocated and attempted to flee to Canada but were caught and removed to Indian territory; led by Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt/Chief Joseph
Railroads and ranching
what two major industries fueled the early western economy?
the transcontinental railroad
linked the west coast to the east coast; massive project with lots of support
the 1862 Pacific Railroad Act
gave bonds for each mile of railroad construction + large land grants to railroad companies; 175,000,000 acres of public land were donated to their efforts
The World’s Columbian Exposition + “White City”
showing off all the changes that North America had experienced since Columbus landed in Chicago, “typical Gilded Age ostentation”
the Dawes General Allotment Act
splintered reservations into individual family homesteads, destroying tribal sovereignty and taking yet more of the Native American’s land
passed February 8, 1887
1 January 1889 + the Ghost Dance
Northern Paiute prophet Wovoka had a revelation and said “You must not hurt anybody r do harm to anyone. You must not fight. Do right always” participate in the ____ _____; promised that the ancestoes would rise from the dead, droughts would cease, the whites would vanish and the buffalo would come back
massively popular
Wounded Knee massacre
the Lakota Sioux were especially avid followers of the Ghost Dance and had camped at ______ ____ Creek; cavalry men came into disarm the tribe and a misfire led to 150-300/150 native deaths
Fredrick Jackson Turner’s Thesis
“frontier _____”; claimed that America had build civilization into the savage frontier which distinguished it from other countries; worried that american progress would cease with no more frontier to civilize
disregards technological and economic enterprises, “rife with Anglo-saxon chauvinism”, only part of the picture
