animal classification

Taxonomy

Orderly classification of organisms by relationships.

Systematics

Determines evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Phylogeny

Describes evolutionary history of organisms.

Hierarchy

Ranking system for classifying organisms.

Linnaeus

Father of modern taxonomy, established classification system.

Morphology

Study of form and structure of organisms.

Kingdom

Highest taxonomic rank, includes Plantae and Animalia.

Phylum

Division of kingdoms into smaller groups.

Class

Subgroup within a phylum.

Order

Further division of classes.

Family

Group of related genera.

Genus

Group of species sharing common characteristics.

Species

Basic unit of classification, unique organisms.

Binomial Nomenclature

Two-part naming system for species.

Genus Name

First part of scientific name, capitalized.

Species Identifier

Second part of scientific name, not capitalized.

Italicization

Scientific names printed in italics or underlined.

Acer rubrum

Scientific name for red maple tree.

Homo sapiens

Scientific name for modern humans.

spp

Abbreviation for multiple species in a genus.

Colocasia esculenta

Scientific name for taro plant.

Pterocarpus indicus

Scientific name for a specific tree.

Tree Diagram

Visual representation of evolutionary relationships.

Common Name

Everyday name used for organisms.

Naja philippinensis

Scientific name for Philippine cobra.

Bubalus bubalis carabanensis

Scientific name for Philippine swamp buffalo.

Canarium ovatum

Scientific name for pili tree in Bicol.

Oryza sativa

Scientific name for rice.

Oreochromis niloticus

Scientific name for Nile Tilapia.

why not?

kaya mo?

Bubalus mindorensis

Scientific name for Tamaraw.

philippines

taga saan ka

Phylogenetic tree

Diagram showing evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Fossil record

Provides clues to evolutionary relationships, often incomplete.

Homologous features

Similar traits from common ancestry in organisms.

Analogous features

Similar traits not from common ancestry.

Embryological development

Early patterns provide evidence of evolutionary relationships.

Macromolecules

DNA, RNA, proteins used for evolutionary comparisons.

Molecular clock

Method using macromolecule comparisons to estimate divergence.

Amino acid sequences

Used to compare protein similarities across species.

Karyotypes

Chromosome patterns compared to determine relatedness.

Cladistics

Taxonomy system inferring relationships based on similarities.

Derived traits

Unique characteristics used to classify organisms.

Cladogram

Branching diagram representing relationships based on traits.

Taxonomists

Scientists who classify organisms based on evidence.

Evolutionary ancestor

Common ancestor from which species diverged.

Morphological Traits

Physical characteristics used for classification.

Physiological Traits

Functional characteristics related to organism functions.

Molecular Traits

Genetic differences used for evolutionary relationships.

Behavioral Traits

Actions or reactions of organisms in environments.

Archaebacteria

Ancient unicellular prokaryotes with unique biochemistry.

Autotrophic Archaebacteria

Organisms producing food via chemosynthesis.

Heterotrophic Archaebacteria

Organisms obtaining nutrients from other sources.

Eubacteria

Common bacteria affecting human life, both harmful and beneficial.

Binary Fission

Asexual reproduction method in prokaryotes.

Protista

Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells with nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.

Fungi

Eukaryotic organisms, mostly multicellular, with chitin cell walls.

Decomposers

Organisms breaking down dead organic matter.

Animalia

Multicellular eukaryotes without cell walls, heterotrophic.

Domain Archaea

Group containing archaebacteria, ancient unicellular organisms.

Domain Bacteria

Group containing eubacteria, common prokaryotic organisms.

Domain Eukarya

Group including all eukaryotic organisms.

Viruses

Non-living entities that cannot perform cellular functions.

Capsid

Protein coat surrounding a virus's nucleic acid.

Envelope

Membrane-like structure surrounding some viruses.

Chordata

Phylum including animals with vertebral columns.

Carnivora

Order of meat-eating mammals like wolves and tigers.