Face of Freedom Guided Notes – Nadir of Race Relations (Post-Reconstruction)

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lesson on the post-Reconstruction nadir of race relations, including laws, movements, and major cases.

What term describes the period after Reconstruction characterized by white Southerners' attempts to reestablish control over African Americans' rights?

Nadir of American race relations.

What were Black Codes?

Laws passed in Southern states to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans after Reconstruction.

What is tenant farming?

A system in which a person rents land from a landowner and pays rent (often in crops) rather than owning the land.

What is the sharecropping system?

A farming arrangement where a landowner allows a tenant to use land in exchange for a portion of the crops produced.

Who were the Ku Klux Klan?

A white supremacist terrorist organization that used violence to intimidate and suppress African Americans and enforce segregation.

What is lynching?

The illegal, extrajudicial killing of African Americans used to terrorize communities and enforce white supremacy.

What were the Enforcement Acts?

Federal laws designed to protect civil rights and suppress the Ku Klux Klan's violence, especially to protect voting rights.

What is a literacy test in the voting context?

A test used to assess reading ability, often used to disenfranchise African American voters.

What is a poll tax?

A tax required to vote, used to deter African American voters.

What is the Grandfather Clause?

A provision allowing those whose grandfathers had the right to vote to bypass literacy and tax requirements, effectively disenfranchising many Black citizens.

What were Jim Crow laws?

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the South.

What was Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) about?

The Supreme Court ruling that 'separate facilities are inherently unequal' under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

What is the 'separate but equal' doctrine?

The legal principle that segregation was constitutional if facilities for Black and White people were equal.

Who were the Exodusters?

African Americans who migrated from the South to Kansas and other western states following Reconstruction.

Who was Benjamin 'Pap' Singleton?

Leader of the Exoduster movement who urged African Americans to relocate to Kansas.

Where did Exodusters settle in Kansas?

Nicodemus, Kansas.

What was the Great Migration?

The mass movement of African Americans out of the South to the North and West seeking better opportunities.

What are the three categories under 'Limitations Facing African Americans' noted in the lesson?

Political, Economic, and Social.