Chapter Seven

aden/o

gland

bacteri/o

bacteria

blast/o

germ, bud, developing cell

erythr/o

red

immun/o

exempt, immunity

splen/o

combining form for spleen

thromb/o

blood clot

thym/o

wartlike, thymus gland

tox/o

poison

botul/o

sausage

fung/o

fungus

globin/o

protein

iatr/o

physician, treatment

idi/o

individual

necr/o

death

nosocom/o

hospital

staphylococc/o

staphylococcus (bacterium)

Streptococc/o

streptococcus (bacterium)

-rrhagic

pertaining to abnormal discharge

-phylaxis

protection

-genic

pertaining to producing, forming

hematology

study of the blood and blood diseases

hematologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood

infection

The state produced by the establishment of an infective agent in or on a suitable host.

immunology

study of the immune system

bacteriology

study of bacteria

anisocytosis

presence of red blood cells of unequal size

bacteremia

presence of bacteria in the blood

erthropenia

an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells

erthrocytopenia

decrease in the number of erythrocytes

hemolysis

the rupture or destruction of red blood cells.

hemorrhage

the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

leukopenia

Abnormally low white blood cell count

macrocytosis

condition characterized by large red blood cells

poikilocytosis

presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells

polycythemia

A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood

erthrocytosis

increase in the number of red blood cells

splenomegaly

enlargement of the spleen

Thrombocytopenia

a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood

thrombopenia

abnormally reduced number of platelets

toxemia

presence of toxins in the blood

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

Immune system disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight off infection so that weight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions such as cancer or pneumonia may hasten an infected person's demise

allergy

abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen

anaphylaxis

a severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes.

anemia

A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.

anaplastic anemia

bone marrow fails to produce enough RBC

pernicious anemia

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

anthrax

a bacteria used to create biological weapons

autoimmune disease

a disease in which the immune system attacks the organism's own cells

botulism

neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum

communicable/ contagious disease

disease that is transmitted from one individual to another

diphtheria

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

dyscrasia

a general term indicating the presence of a disease affecting blood

edema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.

fungemia

fungal infection that spreads throughout the body by way of the bloodstream

hematoma

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

hemoglobinopathy

disease caused by the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin in red blood cells

hemophilia

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

hemorrhagic fever

an infectious disease that causes internal bleeding or internal hemorrhage and high fevers

iatrogenic disease

disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy

idiopathic disease

a disease that develops without a known or apparent cause

immunodeficiency

A disorder in which the ability of an immune system to protect against pathogens is defective or absent.

immunocompromised

impaired immunologic defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or by therapy with immunosuppressive agents

immunosuppression

treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens

incompatibility

quality of being mismated, lack of harmony

inflammation

a localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.

influenza

flu virus

leukemia

Blood condition of white cells; malignant (cancerous) condition.

lymphadenitis

inflammation of the lymph nodes

lymphoma

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

malaria

A disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood.

measles

an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash

mononucleosis

infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

necrosis

tissue death

nosocomial infection

an infection acquired during hospitalization

plague

a disease that spreads quickly and kills many people

rabies

an acute viral infection that is most commonly transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal

hydrophobia

fear of water

septicemia

growth of bacteria in the blood (blood poisoning)

smallpox

A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, weakness, and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs; responsible for killing Native Americans.

staphylococcemia

presence of the bacterium staphylococcus in the blood

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

an infection caused by specific bacteria that has become resistant to many antibiotics

streptococcemia

the presence of the bacterium streptococcus in the blood

tetanus

a sustained muscular contraction resulting from a rapid series of nerve impulses

thymoma

tumor of the thymus gland

antibiotic therapy

a therapeutic treatment involving the use of a substance with known toxicity to bacteria

antiretroviral therapy

pharmacological therapy that is useful in battling a class of viruses that tend to mutate quickly

attenuation

dilution or weakening of virulence of a microorganism, reducing or abolishing pathogenicity

autologous transfusion

occurs when a patient donates one's own blood for a transfusion

blood chemistry

a test or series of tests on a sample of plasma to measure the levels of its composition, including glucose, albumin, triglycerides, pH, cholesterol, and electrolytes

blood culture

test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisms; the specimen is observed, and the organisms that grow in the culture are identified

blood transfusion

introduction of blood products into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner

bone marrow transplant

infusion of healthy bone marrow cells to a recipient with matching cells from a donor

coagulation time

time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

CBC (complete blood count)

a set of tests that include all WBC, RBC and platelet measurements.

prothrombin time (PT)

test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

test to determine coagulation defects, such as platelet disorders

differential count

a microscopic count of the number of each type of white blood cell in a sample of blood

hematocrit (Hct)

percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

hematology

study of the blood and blood diseases