Studied by 1 person
Abbasid Empire & Islam
Dar Al-Islam
House of Islam/Islamic World
Muhammad
c. 570-632
Born in Mecca, Orphaned
Located in the middle of the Mediterranean-Indian Ocean trade route
610 - experiences first relevation from God
622- Muhammad fled to Medina, Hijra
Year 1 of Muslim Calender
Umma
community of believers of Islam
Beliefs of Islam
Believe that Islam is the third in a progression of monotheistic religions; Judaism to Chistianity, Christianity to Islam
Muslim
A person who follows the teachings of Muhammad
Quran (Koran)
The holy book of Islam
Gives the story of creation & founding of Islam
Hadith
Sayings of Muhammad
Sharia
Islamic Law
The Five Pillars of Islam
Statement of Faith
- There is no God but Allah & Mohammad is his Prophet
Prayer: Five times a day, facing Mecca
Fasting during the month of Ramadan
Charity/Alms to the Poor
The Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca once during a lifetime
Caliph
Religious & Secular Leader
Head of army, government, and faith
Islamic Empire is a Theocracy
The Rightly Guided Caliphs
Caliphs Preceding Muhammad
Schism
A split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief
Sect
A group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs from those of a larger group to which they belong
Difference between Sunni & Shia
Main differences are in how Sunni or Shia practice their faith
The Split Shia/Shi’ite
Believe Ali is the rightful heir to Muhammad as his son-in-law
Authority comes from the Quran & then Imans (Priests)
Imans are infalliable (always right)
The Split Sunni
Larger of the two groups
Rule over empire should NOT be hereditary
Political/Religious Authority comes frim the Quran and then the Umma
Sufis/Sufism
Mystical Beliefs In Islam
Goal: Become closer to Allah in paradise
Main missionaries of Islam
Ascenticism
abstinence from worldly pleasures
Early of Spread of Islam
Spread by military conquest
633 - The Arabian Peninsula was Islamic
700’s - North Africa to Iberian Peninsula and France
Battle of Tours, 732
Umayyad Caliphate
661-750
Arab Indentity more important than being Muslim
Did not convert conquered people due to the tax placed on non-Muslim people
Dome of the Rock
Sight of Muhammad’s Night Journey
Abbasid Caliphate
750-1258
Golden Age of Islam
Capital @ Baghdad, Iraq
Abbasid Achievements
Trade between Mediterranean & China
Credit = not carry coins
Universities in Baghdad & Cairo
Epic Literature: The Arabian Nights
Algebra, Geometry, & Trigonometry
Fall of the Abbasid Caliphate
Empire had grown large & difficult to administer
Cumulative effect of the Crusades
Mongolian hordes sack Baghdad, 1258
Islam & Other Faiths
Generally tolerant of people of other faiths
Jews & Christians - allowed to practice their faith
“People of the Book”
Jizya
tax for Non-Muslims
Dhimmi
meaning “protected person” by paying Non-Muslim tax
Legally a 2nd Class Citizen
Women in Islam
Low status & few rights
Quran: although still below men, women were equal in the eyes of Allah
Not equal in Islamic Courts
Women could keep dowry in a divorce
Veils in public became law in some places
Note
Flashcard